Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/strogъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Of uncertain age. According to Machek, perhaps ancient, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“stern, rigid”) + *-ogъ. Karaliūnas further adds as potential cognates Lithuanian stragùs (“strong, stern”), Latvian stragns (“stagnant”). Alternatively, Vasmer (partially following Preobražensky and Mladenov) considers gradual spread, first from Polish srogi (“strict”) into Russian and henceforth into the remaining Slavic languages. The later is maybe from Proto-Slavic *sorgъ whence also Old Church Slavonic срагъ (sragŭ, “cruel”).

Possibly related to Proto-Germanic *strakaz (“straight”) or Proto-Germanic *strangaz (“tight, strict, straight, strong”).

Adjective

*strȍgъ

1. stern, strict, austere

Declension

Indefinite declension of *strogъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*strogъ	*stroga	*strogo
genitive	*stroga	*strogy	*stroga
dative	*strogu	*strodzě	*strogu
accusative	*strogъ	*strogǫ	*strogo
instrumental	*strogomь	*strogojǫ	*strogomь
locative	*strodzě	*strodzě	*strodzě
vocative	*strože	*strogo	*strogo
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*stroga	*strodzě	*strodzě
genitive	*strogu	*strogu	*strogu
dative	*strogoma	*strogama	*strogoma
accusative	*stroga	*strodzě	*strodzě
instrumental	*strogoma	*strogama	*strogoma
locative	*strogu	*strogu	*strogu
vocative	*stroga	*strodzě	*strodzě
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*strodzi	*strogy	*stroga
genitive	*strogъ	*strogъ	*strogъ
dative	*strogomъ	*strogamъ	*strogomъ
accusative	*strogy	*strogy	*stroga
instrumental	*strogy	*strogami	*strogy
locative	*strodzěxъ	*strogaxъ	*strodzěxъ
vocative	*strodzi	*strogy	*stroga

Definite declension of *strogъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*strogъjь	*strogaja	*strogoje
genitive	*strogajego	*strogyję̇	*strogajego
dative	*strogujemu	*strodzěji	*strogujemu
accusative	*strogъjь	*strogǫjǫ	*strogoje
instrumental	*strogyjimь	*strogǫjǫ	*strogyjimь
locative	*strodzějemь	*strodzěji	*strodzějemь
vocative	*strogъjь	*strogaja	*strogoje
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*strogaja	*strodzěji	*strodzěji
genitive	*stroguju	*stroguju	*stroguju
dative	*strogyjima	*strogyjima	*strogyjima
accusative	*strogaja	*strodzěji	*strodzěji
instrumental	*strogyjima	*strogyjima	*strogyjima
locative	*stroguju	*stroguju	*stroguju
vocative	*strogaja	*strodzěji	*strodzěji
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*strodziji	*strogyję̇	*strogaja
genitive	*strogъjixъ	*strogъjixъ	*strogъjixъ
dative	*strogyjimъ	*strogyjimъ	*strogyjimъ
accusative	*strogyję̇	*strogyję̇	*strogaja
instrumental	*strogyjimi	*strogyjimi	*strogyjimi
locative	*strogyjixъ	*strogyjixъ	*strogyjixъ
vocative	*strodziji	*strogyję̇	*strogaja

Derived terms

• *strogostь, *strogota

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: стро́гі (stróhi)
  • Russian: стро́гий (strógij)
  • Ukrainian: стро́гий (stróhyj)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: строг (strog)
  • Macedonian: строг (strog)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: стро̏г

    Latin script: strȍg

  • Slovene: strȏg (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: strohý (“terse”)
  • Polish: srogi

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “строгий”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2006), “строгий”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 5 (Р – Т), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 447
• Todorov, T. A., Racheva, M., editors (2010), “строг”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 7 (слòво – теря̀свам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 502
• “stragus”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012