Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/strangaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *strangijaz

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *strongʰos, an adjective formed from the strong verb *stringaną, from Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ- (“pulled tight, straight, constricted”), from Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“stiff, rigid”). Cognate with Latvian strangs (“brave, brisk, fresh”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈstrɑŋ.ɡɑz/

Adjective

*strangaz

1. tight, strict, straight
2. strong

Inflection

Declension of *strangaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*strangaz	*strangai	*strangō	*strangôz	*strangą, -atō	*strangō
Accusative	*stranganǭ	*stranganz	*strangǭ	*strangōz	*strangą, -atō	*strangō
Genitive	*strangas, -is	*strangaizǫ̂	*strangaizōz	*strangaizǫ̂	*strangas, -is	*strangaizǫ̂
Dative	*strangammai	*strangaimaz	*strangaizōi	*strangaimaz	*strangammai	*strangaimaz
Instrumental	*stranganō	*strangaimiz	*strangaizō	*strangaimiz	*stranganō	*strangaimiz
Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*strangô	*stranganiz	*strangǭ	*strangōniz	*strangô	*strangōnō
Accusative	*stranganų	*stranganunz	*strangōnų	*strangōnunz	*strangô	*strangōnō
Genitive	*stranginiz	*stranganǫ̂	*strangōniz	*strangōnǫ̂	*stranginiz	*stranganǫ̂
Dative	*strangini	*strangammaz	*strangōni	*strangōmaz	*strangini	*strangammaz
Instrumental	*stranginē	*strangammiz	*strangōnē	*strangōmiz	*stranginē	*strangammiz

Derived terms

• *strangį̄

Related terms

• *strangiz
• *strunkaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *strang, *strangī
  • Old English: strang, strong
    • Middle English: strong, stronge, stronke, stron, strange, straunge
      • English: strong
      • Scots: strang
      • Yola: straung
  • Old Frisian: *strang, streng
    • Saterland Frisian: strang
    • West Frisian: string
  • Old Saxon: strang
    • Middle Low German: stranc, strenge
      • Low German: strenge
  • Old Dutch: *strang, *strank
    • Middle Dutch: strange, stranc, strenge, streng
      • Dutch: streng
        • Afrikaans: streng
      • Limburgish: strang
  • Old High German: strangi, strengi, strang
    • Middle High German: strenge, strange
      • German: streng
• Old Norse: strangr
  • Icelandic: strangur
  • Faroese: strangur
  • Norwegian:

    Norwegian Bokmål: streng

    Norwegian Nynorsk: streng

  • Old Swedish: strænger, stranger
    • Swedish: sträng, strang (dialectal)
  • Danish: stræng, streng
• → Proto-Finnic: *rankka (see there for further descendants)