Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tovarъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Borrowed from Turkic, from Proto-Turkic *tabar.

Noun

*tovarъ f

1. commodity, goods, wares

Inflection

Declension of *tovarъ (hard o-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*tovarъ	*tovara	*tovari
Accusative	*tovarъ	*tovara	*tovary
Genitive	*tovara	*tovaru	*tovarъ
Locative	*tovarě	*tovaru	*tovarěxъ
Dative	*tovaru	*tovaroma	*tovaromъ
Instrumental	*tovarъmь, *tovaromь*	*tovaroma	*tovary
Vocative	*tovare	*tovara	*tovari

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

noun

• *tovariščь

 

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: товаръ (tovarŭ)
    • Belarusian: тава́р (tavár)
    • Russian: това́р (továr)
      • → Livvi: tavar
      • → Veps: tavar
    • Ukrainian: това́р (továr)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: това́р (továr)
  • Macedonian: товар (tovar)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: то̀вар

    Latin: tòvar

  • Slovene: tóvor (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: tovar
  • Polish: towar
  • Slovak: tovar

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “това́р”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress