Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tovarъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Turkic, from Proto-Turkic *tabar. Compare Turkish davar (“cattle, livestock”). Note also Middle Armenian տաւար (tawar, “cattle”), a Turkic borrowing.

Noun edit

*tovarъ f

commodity, goods, wares

Inflection edit

Declension of *tovarъ (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tovarъ	*tovara	*tovari
genitive	*tovara	*tovaru	*tovarъ
dative	*tovaru	*tovaroma	*tovaromъ
accusative	*tovarъ	*tovara	*tovary
instrumental	tovarъmь, tovaromь^*	*tovaroma	*tovary
locative	*tovarě	*tovaru	*tovarěxъ
vocative	*tovare	*tovara	*tovari

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms edit

noun

*tovariščь

Descendants edit

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: товаръ (tovarŭ)
  - Belarusian: тава́р (tavár)
  - Russian: това́р (továr)
    - → Finnish: tavara
    - → Livvi: tavar
    - → Veps: tavar
  - Ukrainian: това́р (továr)
South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: това́р (továr)
- Macedonian: товар (tovar)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: то̀вар
  
  Latin script: tòvar
- Slovene: tóvor (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Kashubian: towôr
- Czech: tovar
- Old Polish: towar
  - Polish: towar
  - Silesian: tŏwŏr
- Slovak: tovar