Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tovariščь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic edit

Etymology edit

From *tovarъ +‎ *-iščь.

Noun edit

*tovariščь m

friend, comrade, companion

Declension edit

Declension of *tovariščь (soft o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tovariščь	*tovarišča	*tovarišči
genitive	*tovarišča	*tovarišču	*tovariščь
dative	*tovarišču	*tovariščema	*tovariščemъ
accusative	*tovariščь	*tovarišča	*tovariščę̇
instrumental	tovariščьmь, tovariščemь^*	*tovariščema	*tovarišči
locative	*tovarišči	*tovarišču	*tovariščixъ
vocative	*tovarišču	*tovarišča	*tovarišči

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Descendants edit

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: товарищь (tovariščĭ)
  - Belarusian: тава́рыш (taváryš)
  - Russian: това́рищ (továrišč)
    - → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: това̑риш
    
    Latin script: tovȃriš
    - → Slovene: tovȃriš (tonal orthography)
  - Ukrainian: това́риш (továryš)
    - → Romanian: tovarăș
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: tovaryš, tovařiš
  - Czech: tovaryš
- Old Polish: towarzysz
  - Polish: towarzysz
  - Silesian: tŏwarzisz
- Slovak: tovariš
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: towarzësz
  - Slovincian: tôwarzësz
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: towarš
  - Lower Sorbian: towariš