Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/uzda

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Most likely from *us- (“mouth”) +‎ *-da (“lacative suffix”).

Noun

*ūzdà f

1. bridle

   Synonym: *obrъtь

Inflection

Declension of *ūzdà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ūzdà	*ũzdě	*ūzdỳ
genitive	*ūzdỳ	*ūzdù	*ũzdъ
dative	*ūzdě̀	*ūzdàma	*ūzdàmъ
accusative	*ūzdǫ̀	*ũzdě	*ūzdỳ
instrumental	*ūzdòjǫ, *ũzdǫ**	*ūzdàma	*ūzdàmī
locative	*ūzdě̀	*ūzdù	*ūzdàsъ, *ūzdàxъ*
vocative	*uzdo	*ũzdě	*ūzdỳ

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

• *obuzdati (“to bridle”)
• *orzuzdati (“to unbridle”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: узда (uzda)
    • Old Ruthenian: узда́ (uzdá)
      • Belarusian: вузда́ (vuzdá)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: у́зда (úzda)
      • Ukrainian: вузда́ (vuzdá)
    • Russian: узда́ (uzdá)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: оузда (uzda)

  • Bulgarian: юзда́ (juzdá)
  • Macedonian: узда (uzda)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: у́зда

    Latin script: úzda

  • Slovene: úzda (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Kashubian: ùzda
  • Old Czech: uzda
    • Czech: uzda
  • Polabian: väuzdа
  • Polish: uzda
  • Slovak: uzda
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: wuzda
    • Lower Sorbian: wuzda

References

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “узда́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress