Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zajьvъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Formed as *zaj- +‎ *-ьvъ.^[1] Further from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źāˀj-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂ōy-, from *ǵʰeh₂-.^[2]^[3] An isolated Ukrainian formation, but it is of PIE origin. Perhaps the closest cognate is Ukrainian зойк (zojk, “scream; moan”) and зя́яти (zjájaty), зія́ти (zijáty, “to gape, to be wide open”). Per Melnychuk, of unknown origin.^[4]

Adjective

*zàjьvъ^[1]

superfluous, redundant, supervacaneous

Declension

Indefinite declension of *zajьvъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*zàjьvъ	*zàjьva	*zàjьvo
genitive	*zàjьva	*zàjьvy	*zàjьva
dative	*zàjьvu	*zàjьvě	*zàjьvu
accusative	*zàjьvъ	*zàjьvǫ	*zàjьvo
instrumental	*zàjьvomь	*zàjьvojǫ	*zàjьvomь
locative	*zàjьvě	*zàjьvě	*zàjьvě
vocative	*zàjьve	*zàjьvo	*zàjьvo
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*zàjьva	*zàjьvě	*zàjьvě
genitive	*zàjьvu	*zàjьvu	*zàjьvu
dative	*zàjьvoma	*zàjьvama	*zàjьvoma
accusative	*zàjьva	*zàjьvě	*zàjьvě
instrumental	*zàjьvoma	*zàjьvama	*zàjьvoma
locative	*zàjьvu	*zàjьvu	*zàjьvu
vocative	*zàjьva	*zàjьvě	*zàjьvě
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*zàjьvi	*zàjьvy	*zàjьva
genitive	*zàjьvъ	*zàjьvъ	*zàjьvъ
dative	*zàjьvomъ	*zàjьvamъ	*zàjьvomъ
accusative	*zàjьvy	*zàjьvy	*zàjьva
instrumental	*zàjьvy	*zàjьvami	*zàjьvy
locative	*zàjьvěxъ	*zàjьvaxъ	*zàjьvěxъ
vocative	*zàjьvi	*zàjьvy	*zàjьva

Definite declension of *zajьvъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*zàjьvъjь	*zàjьvaja	*zàjьvoje
genitive	*zàjьvajego	*zàjьvyję̇	*zàjьvajego
dative	*zàjьvujemu	*zàjьvěji	*zàjьvujemu
accusative	*zàjьvъjь	*zàjьvǫjǫ	*zàjьvoje
instrumental	*zàjьvyjimь	*zàjьvǫjǫ	*zàjьvyjimь
locative	*zàjьvějemь	*zàjьvěji	*zàjьvějemь
vocative	*zàjьvъjь	*zàjьvaja	*zàjьvoje
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*zàjьvaja	*zàjьvěji	*zàjьvěji
genitive	*zàjьvuju	*zàjьvuju	*zàjьvuju
dative	*zàjьvyjima	*zàjьvyjima	*zàjьvyjima
accusative	*zàjьvaja	*zàjьvěji	*zàjьvěji
instrumental	*zàjьvyjima	*zàjьvyjima	*zàjьvyjima
locative	*zàjьvuju	*zàjьvuju	*zàjьvuju
vocative	*zàjьvaja	*zàjьvěji	*zàjьvěji
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*zàjьviji	*zàjьvyję̇	*zàjьvaja
genitive	*zàjьvъjixъ	*zàjьvъjixъ	*zàjьvъjixъ
dative	*zàjьvyjimъ	*zàjьvyjimъ	*zàjьvyjimъ
accusative	*zàjьvyję̇	*zàjьvyję̇	*zàjьvaja
instrumental	*zàjьvyjimi	*zàjьvyjimi	*zàjьvyjimi
locative	*zàjьvyjixъ	*zàjьvyjixъ	*zàjьvyjixъ
vocative	*zàjьviji	*zàjьvyję̇	*zàjьvaja

*zijati (“to gape”)
*zěvàti (“to yawn”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: *заивъ (*zaivŭ)
  - Old Ruthenian: *за́йвый (*zájvyj)
    - Ukrainian: за́йвий (zájvyj)
      - → Russian: за́ивый (záivyj), за́евый (zájevyj) (Kursk, Voronezh dialects)
        ⇒ Russian: зайви́ч (zajvíč) (Voronezh dialects)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Shevelov, George Y. (2002) Vakulenko S., Danylenko A., transl., Історична фонологія української мови (in Ukrainian), Kharkiv: Acta, →ISBN, page 326: “*zaj-ьv-ъ ― *zaj-ʹv-”
^ Rudnyc'kyj, Ja. (1972–1982) “за́йвий”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language, volumes 2 (Д – Ь), Ottawa: Ukrainian Mohylo-Mazepian Academy of Sciences; Ukrainian Language Association, →LCCN, page 426
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “g̑hē-, g̑hēi-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 418
^ Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1985), “за́йви́й”, in Етимологічний словник української мови (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Д – Копці), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 225