Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/īĺč

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*īĺč

1. work

   Synonym: *yumuĺ

Declension

Declension of *īĺč

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*īĺč
Accusative	*īĺčni, *īĺčig 4), *īĺčnig 1)
Genitive	*īĺčniŋ
Dative	*īĺčke
Locative	*īĺčde
Ablative	*īĺčden
Allative	*īĺčgerü
Instrumental 2)	*īĺčin
Equative 2)	*īĺčče
Similative 2)	*īĺčleyü
Comitative 2)	*īĺčligü

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

• Oghur
  • Chuvash: ӗҫ (ĕś)
• Common Turkic: *īš

• Arghu
  • Khalaj: îş
  • →⇒? Khalaj: şamaq
• Oghuz
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: ایش (iš)
    • Azerbaijani: iş
    • Ottoman Turkish: ایش (iš)
      • Gagauz: iş
      • Turkish: iş
      • → Pontic Greek: δουλεία (douleía) (semantic loan)
  • Turkmen: īş
  • Salar: iš
• Karluk
  • Karakhanid: اٖیشْ (ïš)
    • Chagatai: ایش (iš)
      • Uzbek: ish
      • Uyghur: ئىش (ish)
• Kipchak
  • Kipchak: is (iš) (Codex Cumanicus)
  • North Kipchak
    • Bashkir: эш (eş)
    • Tatar: эш (eş)
  • West Kipchak
    • Kumyk: иш (iş)
    • Karachay-Balkar: иш (iş)
    • Crimean Tatar: iş
  • East Kipchak
    • Southern Altai: иш (iš)
    • Teleut иш
    • Kyrgyz: иш (iş)
  • South Kipchak
    • Nogai: ис (is)
    • Karakalpak: ис
    • Kazakh: іс (ıs)
• Siberian
  • Old Turkic: 𐰃𐱁 (iš)
    • South Siberian
      • Sayan Turkic
        • Tuvan: иш (iş)
        • Tofa: иш
      • Yenisei Turkic
      • Khakas: іс (ìs)
      • Shor: иш
      • Western Yugur: ïs

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 254
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 174
• Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, pages 395-396
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*īĺč”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill