is
Translingual edit
Symbol edit
is
English edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English is, from Old English is, from Proto-West Germanic *ist, from Proto-Germanic *isti (a form of Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti (“is”).
Cognate with West Frisian is (“is”), Dutch is (“is”), German ist (“is”), Afrikaans is (“am, are, is”) Old Swedish är, er, Old Norse er, es. Also, via Proto-Indo-European, Latin esse (“be”)
Pronunciation edit
- (UK, US, Canada, General Australian) IPA(key): /ɪz/
- (New Zealand) IPA(key): /ɘz/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɪz
Verb edit
is
- third-person singular simple present indicative of be
- He is a doctor.
- 1999 January 8, Ken Starr, quoting Bill Clinton, Referral from Independent Counsel Kenneth W. Starr in Conformity with the Requirements of Title 28, United States Code, Section 595(c) (Starr Report)[1], Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, retrieved 14 February 2020, page 176:
- "It depends on what the meaning of the word 'is' is."
- 2012, Robert Moore, Where the Gold is Buried, a legend of Old Fort Niagara, →ISBN, page 137:
- "It's not two weeks yet," I reminded her, hoping that might somehow cheer her. […] "Tomorrow is two weeks," Ruth said in a distant voice, staring into the flames.
- (now colloquial) Used in phrases with existential there (also here and where) when the semantic subject is plural.
- There is three of them there.
- c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Loues Labour’s Lost”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii], page 141, column 2:
- Ber. There is five in the firſt ſhew, / Ken. You are deceiued, tis not so.
- (African-American Vernacular) present indicative of be; am, are, is.
- 2001, “Witness (1 Hope)”, in Run Come save me, performed by Roots Manuva:
- Let the whole world know we's on some off-key tip
- 2012, Trae Macklin, Flippin' The Hustle:
- "Them niggas shot my girl, yo! And I ain't gonna sleep until all of them niggas is dead!" RJ hissed.
- 2013, Tu-Shonda Whitaker, The Ex Factor, page 270:
- "Y'all is some disorganized niggahs," Mama Byrd said.
- 2016, “Don't Hurt Yourself”, in Lemonade, performed by Beyoncé:
- Who the fuck do you think I is? / You ain't married to no average bitch, boy
- 2022, “Plan B”, performed by Megan Thee Stallion:
- Nigga, yeah, you's a bitch
- 2023, “Barbie World”, in Barbie: The Album, performed by Nicki Minaj and Ice Spice:
- Like Jazzie, Stacie, Nicki / All of the Barbies is pretty / All of the Barbies is bad
Quotations edit
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:is.
Alternative forms edit
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
Eye dialect spelling of us.
Pronoun edit
is
Etymology 3 edit
Noun edit
is
Anagrams edit
Afar edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ís
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ís
See also edit
References edit
- E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “is”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[2], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)
Afrikaans edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
is
Bagusa edit
Noun edit
is
References edit
- Mark Donohue, Syntactic and Lexical Factors Conditioning the Diffusion of Sound Change, Oceanic Linguistics 44 (2005), page 428
Bavarian edit
Alternative forms edit
- isch (South Bavarian, Tyrolean, South Tyrolean)
Etymology edit
From Middle High German ist, from Old High German ist, from Proto-West Germanic *ist, from Proto-Germanic *isti.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
is
Catalan edit
Noun edit
is
Cimbrian edit
Pronoun edit
is
- (Sette Comuni) Alternative form of es (“it”)
References edit
- “is” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
Danish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse íss, from Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
is c (singular definite isen, plural indefinite is)
- (uncountable) ice (water in frozen form)
- (uncountable) ice, ice cream (dessert, not necessarily containing cream)
- (countable) ice, ice cream (ice dessert on a stick or in a wafer cone)
Inflection edit
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
is
- third-person singular present indicative of zijn; is, equals
- Twaalf min drie is negen — twelve minus three equals nine
Adverb edit
is
Anagrams edit
Gothic edit
Romanization edit
is
- Romanization of 𐌹𐍃
Hungarian edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
is (not comparable) (clitic)
- also, too, as well
- Synonyms: szintén, ugyancsak, úgyszintén, éppúgy, (formal; the others are relatively literary in style) szintúgy
- Én is szeretem a csokit. ― I, too, like chocolate (aside from other people).
- (Én) a csokit is szeretem. ― I also like chocolate (aside from other things).
- even, up to, as much as, as long as
- Három óráig is tarthat a műtét ― The operation may even take three hours.
- (after an interrogative word) again (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten)
- Hogy is hívják? ― What's that called, again?
- sure enough, indeed
Usage notes edit
When it is used with a concessive adverb (“no matter what/who/when/how”, “however [good, bad]”, “long as it was”, “even if…” etc.), it is traditionally placed after the verb, though it is common in colloquial style to use it after the adverb instead:
- (traditionally, chiefly in literary style) Bármilyen hosszúra nyúlt is az előadás,…
(more recently) Bármilyen hosszúra is nyúlt az előadás,…- No matter how long the lecture/performance stretched,…
It applies to verb-final set phrases as well, similarly to érzi magát in this clause: még ha ettől rosszul érezzük is magunkat / …rosszul is érezzük magunkat (“even if it makes us feel bad”).
Derived terms edit
See also edit
- egyaránt (“equally, alike”)
Further reading edit
- is in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Irish edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
is
- reduced form of agus (“and; as”)
- Dia is Muire duit.
- Hello to you, too. (lit. God and Mary to you.)
- 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart, volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 1:
- wil nə fatī xō mŭȧ, s dūŕc šē?
- [An bhfuil na fataí chomh maith is dúirt sé?]
- Are the potatoes as good as he said?
- 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart, volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 1:
- ə ʒēĺǵə, l̄aurīr ə gūǵə mūn, ńī h-ønn̥̄ ī s ə ʒēlgə š agń̥ə
- [An Ghaeilge a labhraíthear i gCúige Mumhan, ní hionann í is an Ghaeilge seo againne.]
- The Irish used in Munster isn’t the same as our Irish.
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Irish is (“is”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”).
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /ɪsˠ/, /sˠ/ (before nouns and adjectives)
- IPA(key): /ʃ/ (before the pronouns é, í, ea, iad)
Particle edit
is
- Present/future realis copula form
- Is múinteoir é Dónall. ― Dónall is a teacher. (definition: predicate is indefinite)
- Is é Dónall an múinteoir. ― Dónall is the teacher. (identification: predicate is definite)
- Is féidir liom snámh. ― I can swim. (idiomatic noun predicate)
- Is maith liom tae. ― I like tea. (idiomatic adjective predicate)
- Is mise a chonaic é. ― I'm the one who saw him. (compare Hiberno-English "'Tis I who saw him"; cleft sentence)
- Is é Dónall atá ina mhúinteoir. ― It's Dónall who is a teacher. (cleft sentence)
- Used to introduce the comparative/superlative form of adjectives
- an buachaill is mó ― the bigger boy; the biggest boy
- Is mó an buachaill ná Séamas.
- The boy is bigger than James.
- Is é Séamas an buachaill is mó in Éirinn!
- James is the biggest boy in Ireland! (lit. "It is James (who is) the boy (who) is biggest in Ireland")
Usage notes edit
- Used in the present and future for identification or definition of a subject as the person/object identified in the predicate of the sentence. Sometimes used with noun or adjective predicates, especially in certain fixed idiomatic phrases. Used to introduce cleft sentences, which are extremely common in Irish. It is not a verb.
- The copula does not exist in the imperative and does not have a nominal form analogous to the verbal noun. The phrase bí i do (literally “be in your”) is used as the imperative instead (e.g. Bí i d’fhear! – “Be a man!” (lit. “Be in your man!”)), and equivalent non-copular nominal constructions must be used in place of their hypothetical copular equivalents: bheith ábalta (“to be able”, in place of the non-existent nominal form of is féidir), bheith ag iarraidh (“to want”, in place of the non-existent nominal form of is mian), bheith ina (“to be”, as with the imperative), etc.
- In comparative/superlative formations, is is strictly speaking the relative of the copula, hence an buachaill is mó literally means "the boy who is biggest", i.e. "the biggest boy". The thing compared is introduced by ná (“than”).
Related terms edit
Simple copular forms
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Compound copular forms
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v Used before vowel sounds |
Kwerba edit
Noun edit
is
References edit
- Mark Donohue, Syntactic and Lexical Factors Conditioning the Diffusion of Sound Change, Oceanic Linguistics 44 (2005), page 428 (used in both Kwerba proper and Anggreso Kwerba)
Lacandon edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Mayan *iihs.
Noun edit
is
Derived terms edit
References edit
- Baer, Phillip; Baer, Mary; Chan Kꞌin, Manuel; Chan Kꞌin, Antonio (2018) Diccionaro maya lacandón (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 51)[3] (in Spanish), Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., pages 65–66
Latin edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Italic *is, from Proto-Indo-European *éy. Cognate with Oscan 𐌉𐌆𐌉𐌊 (izik), Umbrian 𐌄𐌓𐌄 (ere), and further with Lithuanian jis, Proto-Slavic *jь.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
is (feminine ea, neuter id); demonstrative pronoun
- (pronoun) this or that man, woman or thing; he, she, it, they (previously introduced)
- Picks up the subject or object after an intervening clause, to avoid repeating the relative pronoun quī, or substitutes syntactically fronted expressions
- (correlative) that...which; he, she...who, it...that
- (determiner) this or that [man, woman or thing] (as a noun phrase modifier)
- (with genus with nominative or modī with genitive) such a, that sort of
- eiusmodī sermōnēs ― talk of that kind
- Marcus Valerius Probus, Fragmenta 66.29:
- […] 'urbīs' an 'urbēs'. Nam cum id genus sīs, quod videō, ut sine iactūrā tuā peccēs, nihil perdēs utrum dīxeris.
- […] 'urbīs' or 'urbēs'. For as far as I can see, you're the kind of man who doesn't lose sleep over his mistakes; as such you'll lose nothing whichever one you use.
- […] 'urbīs' an 'urbēs'. Nam cum id genus sīs, quod videō, ut sine iactūrā tuā peccēs, nihil perdēs utrum dīxeris.
- Substituting a clause.
- quod eius fierī possit ― as far as [any of that is] possible
- As an internal accusative: for that reason, on that account
- idque gaudeō ― and I'm glad about that
- Used in various prepositional phrases.
Usage notes edit
Latin is is an endophoric pronoun and determiner, which may be employed either as an anaphora or as a cataphora, meaning it serves as a reference to something preceding or following, respectively, in the text. Unlike a demonstrative such as ille or English this, is does not have a deictic function, meaning it cannot point to a referent in the world, but only one named in the text; nor can it be used exophorically as a 3d-person pronoun such as English (s)he that refers to something not already defined in the context but presumed to be known or deduceable by the addressee. Thus we see it used with first, second and third person.
The exophoric demonstratives/determiners in Latin are hic (proximal, near the speaker), iste (distal, near the listener), and ille (mesiodistal, far from both). Note that Latin doesn't have any 3rd-person pronouns, using the aforementioned demonstratives in their place.
Oblique cases are rare in elevated poetry.
Declension edit
Demonstrative pronoun.
Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
Nominative | is | ea | id | eī1 iī ī |
eae | ea | |
Genitive | eius ejus |
eōrum eum |
eārum | eōrum eum | |||
Dative | eī2 e͡i ēī |
eī2 e͡i ēī eae |
eī2 e͡i ēī |
eīs1 iīs īs |
eīs1 iīs īs eābus |
eīs1 iīs īs | |
Accusative | eum | eam | id | eōs | eās | ea | |
Ablative | eō | eā | eō | eīs1 iīs īs |
1The nom./dat./abl. plural forms regularly developed into a monosyllable /iː(s)/, with later remodelling - compare the etymology of deus. This /iː/ was normally spelled as EI during and as II after the Republic; a disyllabic iī, spelled II, Iꟾ, appears in Silver Age poetry, while disyllabic eīs is only post-Classical. Other spellings include EEI(S), EIEI(S), IEI(S).
2The dat. singular is found spelled EIEI (here represented as ēī) and scanned as two longs in Plautus, but also as a monosyllable. The latter is its normal scansion in Classical. Other spellings include EEI, IEI.
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Ablative | Possessive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | ego | meī | mihi | mē | meus, -a, -um | |
Second | — | tū | tuī | tibi | tē | tuus, -a, -um | ||
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | is | ēius | eī | eum | eō | ēius | |
Feminine | ea | eam | eā | |||||
Neuter | id | id | eō | |||||
Plural | First | — | nōs | nostrī, nostrum | nōbīs | nōs | nōbīs | noster, -tra, -trum |
Second | — | vōs | vestrī, vestrum | vōbīs | vōs | vōbīs | vester, -tra, -trum | |
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | eī, iī | eōrum | eīs | eōs | eīs | eōrum | |
Feminine | eae | eārum | eās | eārum | ||||
Neuter | ea | eōrum | ea | eōrum |
Etymology 2 edit
Inflected form of eō (“go”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
īs
References edit
- is in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Middle Dutch edit
Verb edit
is
Middle English edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old English īs, from Proto-West Germanic *īs.
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
is (uncountable)
- ice (frozen water):
- A layer of frozen water as a surface.
- (rare) An individual portion of ice.
- (rare, figurative) That which is short-lived like ice.
- (rare) icy conditions
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- “īs, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-06-15.
Etymology 2 edit
From Old English is, third-person present singular of wesan (“to be”), from Proto-Germanic *isti, third-person present singular of *wesaną (“to be, become”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
is
- third-person singular present indicative of been
- Synonym: bith
Usage notes edit
This form is more common than bith for the third-person singular.
Descendants edit
Etymology 3 edit
Determiner edit
is
- Alternative form of his (“his”)
Pronoun edit
is
- Alternative form of his (“his”)
Etymology 4 edit
Pronoun edit
is
- Alternative form of his (“her”)
Etymology 5 edit
Pronoun edit
is
- Alternative form of his (“them”)
Etymology 6 edit
Noun edit
is (plural isnes)
- Alternative form of iren (“iron”)
edit
Interjection edit
is
- as if, as if it were true, it could be, is it really?, what do you mean by that?, so you say expressing surprise
Usage notes edit
Usually spelled with the final letter repeated: iss, isss, issss.
Alternative forms edit
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse íss (“ice”), from Proto-Germanic *īsaz, a variant of *īsą (“ice”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH- (“ice, frost”).
Noun edit
is m (definite singular isen, indefinite plural is or iser, definite plural isene)
- (uncountable) ice, ice cream
- (countable) ice cream on a stick or cone.
Synonyms edit
- iskrem (ice cream)
Derived terms edit
References edit
- “is” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Anagrams edit
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse íss, from Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-. Akin to English ice.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
is m (definite singular isen, indefinite plural isar, definite plural isane)
Synonyms edit
- iskrem (ice cream)
Derived terms edit
References edit
- “is” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Nyishi edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Tani *si, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *si.
Noun edit
is
References edit
- P. T. Abraham (2005) A Grammar of Nyishi Language[4], Delhi: Farsight Publishers and Distributors
Old English edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Germanic *īsą. See there for more.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
īs n
- ice
- the Legend of St Andrew
- Ofer ēastrēamas īs bryċġode.
- The ice formed a bridge over the streams.
- the Legend of St Andrew
- the runic character ᛁ (/i/ or /i:/)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-West Germanic *ist, from Proto-Germanic *isti (a form of Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti (“is”).
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
is
Descendants edit
Old High German edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-West Germanic *īs. Compare Old Saxon īs, Old English īs, Old Norse íss.
Noun edit
īs
Descendants edit
Old Irish edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
The lemma is itself is from Proto-Celtic *esti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti; other forms are from either *h₁es- or *bʰuH-.
Verb edit
is
- to be
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14d26
- Is i persin Crist da·gníu-sa sin.
- It is in the person of Christ that I do that.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14d26
Usage notes edit
This is the so-called "copula", which is distinct from the "substantive verb" at·tá. The copula is used with noun predicates and to introduce a cleft sentence.
Conjugation edit
See {{sga-conj-is}}
for the complete conjugation.
Synonyms edit
- at·tá (substantive verb)
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 is”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2003), D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, §§ 791–818, pages 483–94
- Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, pages 419–431
Old Saxon edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Germanic *it.
Pronoun edit
is (is)
Declension edit
Personal pronouns | |||||
Singular | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
Nominative | ik | thū | hē | siu | it |
Accusative | mī, me, mik | thī, thik | ina | sia | |
Dative | mī | thī | imu | iru | it |
Genitive | mīn | thīn | is | ira | is |
Dual | 1. | 2. | - | - | - |
Nominative | wit | git | - | - | - |
Accusative | unk | ink | - | - | - |
Dative | |||||
Genitive | unkero, unka | - | - | - | |
Plural | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
Nominative | wī, we | gī, ge | sia | sia | siu |
Accusative | ūs, unsik | eu, iu, iuu | |||
Dative | ūs | im | |||
Genitive | ūser | euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera | iro |
Etymology 2 edit
Verb edit
is
Etymology 3 edit
From Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH- (“ice, frost”). Cognate with Old Frisian īs (West Frisian iis), Old English īs (English ice), Dutch ijs, Old High German īs (German Eis), Old Norse íss (Danish and Swedish is).
Noun edit
īs n
Declension edit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | īs | īs |
accusative | īs | īs |
genitive | īses | īsō |
dative | īse | īsun |
instrumental | — | — |
Descendants edit
Old Welsh edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Celtic *esti. Cognate to Old Irish is.
Verb edit
is (third person singular present)
- to be
Inflection edit
Listed exhaustively in the Etymological Glossary of Old Welsh are the following conjugated forms:[1]
- 3rd person singular present: is, iu, oi, hois, hoys
- 3rd person singular present relative: issi, issid
- 3rd person singular present negative: nit
- 3rd person plural present: hint, int
- 3rd person singular imperfect: hoid, oid
- 3rd person singular imperfect subjunctive: be
- 3rd person plural imperfect subjunctive: beinn
- 3rd person singular present habitual: bi, bid bit
- 3rd person singular present subjunctive: boi, boit
- 3rd person singular preterite: bu
Descendants edit
- Welsh: bod (finite forms)
References edit
Onondaga edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-North Iroquoian *iːts.
Pronoun edit
is
References edit
- Hanni Woodbury (2018) A Reference Grammar of the Onondaga Language, University of Toronto, page 309
Portuguese edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
is
- plural of i
- 2003, J. K. Rowling, Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix, Rocco, page 411:
- Se você pôs os pingos nos is e cortou os tês então pode fazer o que quiser!
- If you've dotted your I's and crossed your T's, then you can do whatever you want!
- Se você pôs os pingos nos is e cortou os tês então pode fazer o que quiser!
- 2003, J. K. Rowling, Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix, Rocco, page 411:
Sardinian edit
Etymology edit
From syllabic apocope of issos, issas, from Latin ipsōs, ipsās, masculine and feminine accusative plural forms of ipse (“himself”).
Pronunciation edit
Article edit
is m pl or f pl (Campidanese)
- plural of su: the (masculine plural definite article)
- plural of sa: the (feminine plural definite article)
See also edit
References edit
- Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
- Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964), “ísse”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg
Scots edit
Adverb edit
is (not comparable)
Synonyms edit
Conjunction edit
is
Synonyms edit
Pronoun edit
is (personal, non-emphatic)
See also edit
Verb edit
is
- third-person singular simple present indicative form of be
See also edit
Scottish Gaelic edit
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /ɪs̪/
- IPA(key): /ɪʃ/ (before a front vowel sound)
- Hyphenation: is
Etymology 1 edit
Conjunction edit
is
- Clipping of agus (“and”).
Usage notes edit
- Is is often shortened further to 's.
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Irish is. Cognate with Irish is and Manx s'.
Verb edit
is
- (copulative) am, is, are
Usage notes edit
- Is is often shortened to 's.
- Is is used when linking the subject of a sentence with an object ("somebody is somebody", "somebody is something", "something is something"), otherwise forms of the verb bi are used:
- Is mise Dòmhnall. ― I am Donald.
- Tha mise anns an t-seòmar. ― I am in the room.
Inflection edit
singular | plural | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third m/f | first | second | third | ||||
independent | present | tha mi | tha thu | tha e/i | tha sinn | tha sibh | tha iad | ||
past | bha mi | bha thu | bha e/i | bha sinn | bha sibh | bha iad | |||
future | simple | bidh mi | bidh tu | bidh e/i | bidh sinn | bidh sibh | bidh iad | ||
emphatic | bithidh mi | bithidh tu | bithidh e/i | bithidh sinn | bithidh sibh | bithidh iad | |||
conditional | simple | bhithinn | bhiodh tu | bhiodh e/i | bhiodh sinn bhiomaid |
bhiodh sibh | bhiodh iad | ||
emphatic | bhitheadh tu | bhitheadh e/i | bhitheadh sinn bhitheamaid |
bhitheadh sibh | bhitheadh iad | ||||
negative | present | chan eil mi | chan eil thu | chan eil e/i | chan eil sinn | chan eil sibh | chan eil iad | ||
past | cha robh mi | cha robh thu | cha robh e/i | cha robh sinn | cha robh sibh | cha robh iad | |||
future | cha bhi mi | cha bhi thu | cha bhi e/i | cha bhi sinn | cha bhi sibh | cha bhi iad | |||
conditional | simple | cha bhithinn | cha bhiodh tu | cha bhiodh e/i | cha bhiodh sinn cha bhiomaid |
cha bhiodh sibh | cha bhiodh iad | ||
emphatic | cha bhitheadh tu | cha bhitheadh e/i | cha bhitheadh sinn cha bhitheamaid |
cha bhitheadh sibh | cha bhitheadh iad | ||||
affirmative interrogative |
present | a bheil mi? | a bheil thu? | a bheil e/i? | a bheil sinn? | a bheil sibh? | a bheil iad? | ||
past | an robh mi? | an robh thu? | an robh e/i? | an robh sinn? | an robh sibh? | an robh iad? | |||
future | am bi mi? | am bi thu? | am bi e/i? | am bi sinn? | am bi sibh? | am bi iad? | |||
conditional | simple | am bithinn? | am biodh tu? | am biodh e/i? | am biodh sinn? am biomaid? |
am biodh sibh? | am biodh iad? | ||
emphatic | am bitheadh tu? | am bitheadh e/i? | am bitheadh sinn am bitheamaid? |
am bitheadh sibh? | am bitheadh iad? | ||||
negative interrogative |
present | nach eil mi? | nach eil thu? | nach eil e/i? | nach eil sinn? | nach eil sibh? | nach eil iad? | ||
past | nach robh mi? | nach robh thu? | nach robh e/i? | nach robh sinn? | nach robh sibh? | nach robh iad? | |||
future | nach bi mi? | nach bi thu? | nach bi e/i? | nach bi sinn? | nach bi sibh? | nach bi iad? | |||
conditional | simple | nach bithinn? | nach biodh tu? | nach biodh e/i? | nach biodh sinn? nach biomaid? |
nach biodh sibh? | nach biodh iad? | ||
emphatic | nach bitheadh tu? | nach bitheadh e/i? | nach bitheadh sinn? nach bitheamaid? |
nach bitheadh sibh? | nach bitheadh iad? | ||||
relative future | simple | (a) bhios mi | (a) bhios tu | (a) bhios e/i | (a) bhios sinn | (a) bhios sibh | (a) bhios iad | ||
emphatic | (a) bhitheas mi | (a) bhitheas tu | (a) bhitheas e/i | (a) bhitheas sinn | (a) bhitheas sibh | (a) bhitheas iad | |||
imperative | simple | bitheam | bi | biodh e/i | biomaid | bithibh | biodh iad | ||
emphatic | bitheadh e/i | bitheamaid | bitheadh iad | ||||||
verbal noun | a bhith |
Impersonal forms can be found at Template:gd-conj-thathar.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third m/f | first | second | third | ||
independent | present | is mi | is tu | is e/i | is sinn | is sibh | is iad |
past | bu mhi | bu tu | b' e/i | bu sinn | bu sibh | b' iad | |
conditional | |||||||
negative | present | cha mhi | cha tu | chan e/i | cha sinn | cha sibh | chan iad |
past | cha bu mhi | cha bu tu | cha b' e/i | cha bu sinn | cha bu sibh | cha b' iad | |
conditional | |||||||
affirmative interrogative |
present | am mi? | an tu? | an e/i? | an sinn? | an sibh? | an iad? |
past | am bu mhi? | am bu tu? | am b' e/i? | am bu sinn? | am bu sibh? | am b' iad? | |
conditional | |||||||
Negative interrogative |
present | nach mi? | nach tu? | nach e/i? | nach sinn? | nach sibh? | nach iad? |
past | nach bu mhi? | nach bu tu? | nach b' e/i? | nach bu sinn? | nach bu sibh? | nach b' iad? | |
conditional |
Present | Past | Future | Conditional | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | thathar, thatar, thathas1 | bhathar, bhatar, bhathas1 | bithear, bitear, bitheas1 | bhite(adh), bhithist(e)1 |
Negative | chan eilear, chan eileas1 | cha robhar, cha robhas1 | cha bithear, cha bitear, cha bitheas1 | cha bhite(adh), cha bhithist(e)1 |
Affirmative interrogative | am beilear? am beileas?1 a bheilear? a bheileas?1 |
an robhar? an robhas?1 | am bithear? am biteas?1 | am bite(adh)? am bithist(e)?1 |
Negative interrogative | nach eilear? nach eileas?1 | nach robhar? nach robhas?1 | nach bithear? nach bitear? nach bitheas?1 | nach bite(adh)? nach bithist(e)?1 |
1 Lewis dialect form
References edit
- Colin Mark (2003), “is”, in The Gaelic-English dictionary, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 368
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Swedish is, from Old Norse íss, from Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
is c
- (uncountable) ice; frozen water.
- (countable) ice; a sheet of ice lying on a body of water.
Declension edit
Declension of is | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | is | isen | isar | isarna |
Genitive | is | isens | isars | isarnas |
Related terms edit
- isa
- isas
- isbacke
- isbalett
- isbana
- isbark
- isbelagd
- isbeläggning
- isberg
- isbildning
- isbill
- isbit
- isbjörn
- isblock
- isblomma
- isblå
- isblåsa
- isborr
- isbrytande
- isbrytare
- isbrytning
- isbränna
- isbunden
- isbälte
- ischoklad
- isdans
- isdubb
- isdygn
- isdämd
- isdös
- isfiske
- isflak
- isfläck
- isfri
- isfågel
- isfält
- isförhållanden
- isgata
- isglass
- isgrå
- ishalka
- ishall
- ishav
- ishinder
- ishink
- ishinna
- ishockey
- isig
- isigt
- isjakt
- iskaffe
- iskall
- iskana
- iskant
- iskarl
- iskarvning
- isklump
- iskonvalj
- iskorn
- iskravning
- iskristall
- iskub
- iskyla
- iskyld
- Island
- islom
- islossning
- islår
- isläge
- islägga
- ismaskin
- ismassa
- isning
- isnot
- ispansar
- ispik
- isprinsessa
- ispropp
- isracing
- isrand
- isranunkel
- israpport
- isränna
- issituation
- issjö
- isskorpa
- isskrapa
- isskruvning
- isskulptur
- isskåp
- issmältning
- isstack
- isstadion
- isstycke
- issvårigheter
- issyra
- issåg
- issågning
- issörja
- istapp
- iste
- istid
- isträning
- istäcke
- istäckt
- istärning
- isvak
- isvatten
- isvinter
- isvit
- isvägg
- isyxa
- isälv
- isöken
- nyis
- packis
- tunn is
References edit
- is in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- is in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- is in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
- is in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
Tok Pisin edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
is
Turkish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Turkic *ï̄ĺ(č) (“soot, dirty smoke”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
is (definite accusative isi, plural isler)
Declension edit
Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | is | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | isi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | is | isler | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | isi | isleri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | ise | islere | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | iste | islerde | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | isten | islerden | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | isin | islerin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms edit
Volapük edit
Adverb edit
is
Welsh edit
Alternative forms edit
- îs (obsolete)
Etymology edit
From Middle Welsh is, from Proto-Celtic *ɸīssu (“under”), from Proto-Indo-European *pedsú, locative plural of *pṓds (“foot”). Cognate with Old Irish ís.
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /iːs/
- (South Wales, colloquial also) IPA(key): /iːʃ/
Adjective edit
is
Preposition edit
is
- lower than, under
Related terms edit
Mutation edit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
is | unchanged | unchanged | his |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
West Frisian edit
Etymology edit
From Old Frisian is, from Proto-Germanic *isti (form of *wesaną (“to be”)). Cognate with English is, Dutch is.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
is
- third person singular indicative of wêze
- 1997, Sjoerd Bottema, "Dwersreed", Trotwaer, vol. 29, no. 5, page 204.
- Ik soe net witte wat myn ‘favorite plakje’ is om te fantasearjen, sa'n plak ha ik net, no ja soms al, mar dat is in plak dêr't ik yn it iepenbier leaver net oer praat, net mei myn learlingen alteast, en al hielendal net oer hoe't ik my dêr hâld en draach en wat myn lichemshâlding is.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1997, Sjoerd Bottema, "Dwersreed", Trotwaer, vol. 29, no. 5, page 204.
Yola edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Middle English is, from Old English is.
Verb edit
is
- is
- 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 44:
- Doost thou know fidi is a hamaron?
- Do you know where is the horse-collar?
- 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 65:
- Mee coat is ee-runt.
- My coat is torn.
- 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 71:
- A truckle is ee-teap'd.
- The car is overturned.
- 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 78:
- A wuf is pa varreen.
- The gad is on the headland.
- are
- 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 49:
- Banès is ee-kearnt.
- Beans are beginning to ripen in the pod.
- 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 50:
- Mee hoanès is ee-kimmelt.
- My hands are benumbed with cold.
References edit
- Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 44