Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/iāčïg

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *iāčï- (“to become bitter, sour”) +‎ *-g. Unclear relationship to Proto-Turkic *āčïg (pain).

Adjective

*iāčïg

1. bitter, acid

Declension

Declension of *iāčïg

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*iāčïg
Accusative	*iāčïgnï, *iāčïgïg 4), *iāčïgnïg 1)
Genitive	*iāčïgnïŋ
Dative	*iāčïgka
Locative	*iāčïgda
Ablative	*iāčïgdan
Allative	*iāčïggaru
Instrumental 2)	*iāčïgïn
Equative 2)	*iāčïgča
Similative 2)	*iāčïglayu
Comitative 2)	*iāčïglïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: йӳҫӗ (jüś̬ĕ)
• Common Turkic:

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: hâçığ
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (acı)
    • Azerbaijani: acı
    • Ottoman Turkish: آجی (acı)
      • Gagauz: acı
      • Turkish: acı
  • Salar: acı
  • Turkmen: ājy
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: اَجِغْ (ačïğ)
    • Uyghur: ئاچچىق (achchiq)
    • Uzbek: achchiq
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: әсе (əse), асы (ası)
    • Tatar: ачы (açı)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: accı, aççı
    • Karachay-Balkar: ачы (açı)
    • Kumyk: аччы (aççı)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Kazakh: ащы (aşy)
    • Nogai: ашшы (aşşı)
  • East Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: ачуу (acuu)
    • Southern Altai: ачу (aču)
• Siberian:
  • North Siberian:
    • Dolgan: аһыы (ahıı)
    • Yakut: аһыы (ahıı)

References

• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*iāčɨ-g”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill