Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kāpïk

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *kāp (“sack, cup”) +‎ *-ïk (“diminutive suffix”).

Noun

*kāpïk

1. (zootomy, anatomy) shell, scab
2. bark

Declension

Declension of *kāpïk

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*kāpïk
Accusative	*kāpïkïg, *kāpïknï1)
Genitive	*kāpïknïŋ
Dative	*kāpïkka
Locative	*kāpïkda
Ablative	*kāpïkdan
Allative	*kāpïkgaru
Instrumental 2)	*kāpïkïn
Equative 2)	*kāpïkča
Similative 2)	*kāpïklayu
Comitative 2)	*kāpïklïgu

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: хупӑ (hup̬ă), хуп (hup)
• Common Turkic:

• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: qabıq
    • Ottoman Turkish: قبوق (kabuk)
      • Turkish: kabuk
  • Salar: gōq
  • Turkmen: gabyk
• Karluk:
  • Uzbek: qobiq, qobuq
  • Uyghur: قوۋزاق (qowzaq)
• Kipchak:
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: qabuq
    • Karachay-Balkar: къабукъ (qabuq)
    • Kumyk: къабукъ (qabuq)
  • North Kipchak:
    • Tatar: кабык (qabıq)
    • Bashkir: ҡабыҡ (qabıq)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Kazakh: қабық (qabyq)
  • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: кабык (kabık)
    • Southern Altai: кабык (kabïk)
• Siberian:
  • North Siberian:
    • Yakut: хатырык (qatırık)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: хавык (xavık)
    • Yenisei:
      • Khakas: хабых (xabıx)

References

• Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (1997) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume V, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, page 168
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Kāpuk”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kavık”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 583
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kabuk”, in Nişanyan Sözlük