Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ses

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Akin to Proto-Tungusic *siasi-n (“noise, sound”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?) Maybe an onomatopoeic root.

Noun

*ses

1. voice, sound

   Synonym: *ǖn (“voice, sound”)

Declension

Declension of *ses

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*ses
Accusative	*sesni, *sesig 4), *sesnig 1)
Genitive	*sesniŋ
Dative	*seske
Locative	*sesde
Ablative	*sesden
Allative	*sesgerü
Instrumental 2)	*sesin
Equative 2)	*sesče
Similative 2)	*sesleyü
Comitative 2)	*sesligü

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: сасӑ (sas̬ă)
• Common Turkic:
• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: səs

• Proto-Oghuz: *ses
  • West Oghuz:
    • Azerbaijani: səs
      • → Lezgi: сес (ses)
      • → Tabasaran: сес (ses)
    • Ottoman Turkish: سس (ses)
      • Gagauz: ses
      • Turkish: ses
  • East Oghuz:
    • Turkmen: ses
• Karluk:
  • Uzbek: sas
• Kipchak:
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: ses
    • Karaim: ses
    • Kumyk: сес (ses)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Karakalpak: сес (ses)
    • Kazakh: сес (ses)
    • Nogai: сес (ses)

References

• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 413
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ses”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill