Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/sub

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction notes

Clauson reconstructs a long vowel to account for written vowel signs in Old Turkic and Karakhanid, however this is not confirmed by Oghuz data.

EDAL reconstructs *sïb with later labialization to explain Chuvash palatalization.

Noun

*sub

1. water

Declension

Declension of *sub

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*sub
Accusative	*subnï, *subug 4), *subnïg 1)
Genitive	*subnïŋ
Dative	*subka
Locative	*subda
Ablative	*subdan
Allative	*subgaru
Instrumental 2)	*subun
Equative 2)	*subča
Similative 2)	*sublayu
Comitative 2)	*sublugu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Derived terms

• *subu-, *sïbu- ("to become watery")
  • *subuk, *sïbuk ("watery, liquid")
• *subsu, *sïbsï ("watery decoction")
• *subsa-, *sïbsa- ("to become thirsty, thirst")

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Khazar:
    • → Ancient Greek: Χαράσιου (Kharásiou, “name of a river”)
  • Bulgar: شِونَ (şıvna, dative), شِو (şıv)
    • Chuvash: шыв (šyv)
• Common Turkic:

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: suv
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: su
    • Ottoman Turkish: صو (su) (from an earlier *suv)
      • Turkish: su
      • Gagauz: su
      • Southern Crimean Tatar: su
  • Turkmen: suw
  • Salar: su, suv-sa (“to become thirsty”)
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: سوڤ (suv)
    • Khorezmian Turkic:
      • Chagatai: سو (su)
        • Uzbek: сув (suv)/suv
        • Uyghur: سۇ (su)
• Kipchak: سو (su)
  • North Kipchak:
    • Tatar: су (su)/su
    • Bashkir: һыу (hıw)
  • Kipchak-Cuman:
    • Urum: su/су
    • Crimean Tatar: сув/suv
    • Karaim: сув
    • Kumyk: сув (suw)
  • Kipchak-Nogai:
    • Kazakh: су (su)
    • Karakalpak: suw
    • Nogai: сув (suv)
  • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: суу (suu)
    • Southern Altai: суу (suu)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰽𐰆𐰉 (sub)
  • North Siberian:
    • Dolgan: уу
    • Yakut: уу (uu)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Soyot: суғ
      • Tofa: суғ
      • Tuvan: суг (sug)
    • Yenisei:
      • Chulym: суу (suu), сууғ (suuğ), суғ (suğ)
      • Khakas: суғ (suğ)
      • Shor: суғ
      • Western Yugur: su
    • Northern Altai: суу (suu), суг (sug), сууг (suug), сӱ (sü)

Further reading

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “su:v”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 783
• Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Indrik, page 348
• Tenišev E. R., editor (2001), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: Leksika [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages: Lexis] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, page 87
• Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20)‎^[1] (in German), volume 3, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, pages 281-282