سو

See also: سؤ and شو

Arabic

Noun

سَوّ • (saww) m

1. Alternative form of سَوْء (sawʔ, “badness, evil, corruption”)

Verb

سَوِّ • (sawwi) (form II)

1. second-person masculine singular active imperative of سَوَّى (sawwā)

Azerbaijani

Noun

سو (su) (countable and uncountable)

1. Arabic spelling of su (“water”)

Bakhtiari

Etymology 1

Colloquial form of Arabic صُبْح (ṣubḥ), Persian صبح (sobh).

Noun

سو (sow)

1. morning

   سو زی بیدار ایبوم

   sow e zi bidar eybuom.

   I'll wake up early in the morning.

2. tomorrow

   سو ایرم هونه

   sow eirom howne.

   I'll go home tomorrow.

Etymology 2

Colloquial form of سه (soh), ساو (sâv, “firewood, i.e. the usual desert-shrubs”), equivalent to Persian سوخت (sôxt, “combustion material, fuel”).

Noun

سو (sô)

1. firewood, i.e. the common desert-shrubs, thornbush
2. a hard-brushed broom

References

• Monchi-Zadeh, Davoud (1990) Wörter aus Xurāsān und ihre Herkunft (Acta Iranica; 29)‎^[1] (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 162 Nr. 478

Brahui

Etymology

Cognate to Tamil தூ (tū), ஊ (ū), Gondi సవి (savi). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

سُو (sū)

1. flesh, meat

Further reading

• Burrow, T., Emeneau, M. B. (1984) “3373”, in A Dravidian etymological dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN.

Bulgar

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *seb-.

Verb

سَو (sev)

1. (Volga Bulgar) to love, like

   عُلَمَا سَمنَ سَوَان مَسجِد سَمنَ عَمَارَة طَنَان اَكِل خَيرَاتلُ الُوى بَرَكاتلُ مُون سُوَار يَالِ [...] عَلىِ خوَاجَه آولِ آترَج خُواجَه آولِ آبُوبَكَر خُوَاجَه آولِ آلِبْ خُواجَه بَلُوى كُ ― 'Ulamâsemne sevên mescidsemne 'amâret tanân ekil hayrâtlu, elüwi berekâtlu Mûn Suwâr yêli [...] Ali howâce awli Atrac howâce awli Abûbeker howâce awli Alıp howâce belüwi kü. ― This is the monument of teacher [...] Ali's son teacher Atrac's son teacher Ebubeker's son teacher Alıp, who loves scholars and builds mosques, very beneficent, whose hands are fertile, who is descent from the big Suwâr clan.

Descendants

• Chuvash: сав (sav)

References

• Hakimzjanov, Farid Sabirzjanovich (1986) “New Volga Bulgarian Inscriptions”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae‎^[2] (in Bulgar), volume 40, number 1, page 174
• Tekin, Talât (1988) Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası [Volga Bulgarian Ephitaphs and Volga Bulgarian Language]‎^[3] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, →ISBN, pages 190-191
• Erdal, Marcel (1993) Die Sprache der wolgabolgarischen Inschriften (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 32

Chagatai

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *sub (“water”).

Noun

سو (su)

1. water

References

• András J. E. Bodrogligeti, A Grammar of Chagatay (2001) (su)

Kipchak

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *sub (“water”).

Noun

سو (su) (Mamluk-Kipchak)

1. water

References

• Munytu'l-Ghuzāt: a 14th-century Mamluk-Kipchak military treatise
• Vocabulaire arabe-kiptchak de l'époque de l'État mamelouk

Mazanderani

Etymology 1

Compare Middle Persian swk' (sōg, “side, direction”), Persian سوی (suy).

Noun

سو (so)

1. ethnicity
2. breed, type

Etymology 2

Compare Persian ساییدن (sâyidan), سابیدن (sâbidan), سودن (sudan, “to rub, to grind, to sharpen”).

Noun

سو (so)

1. grinding

   سو سنگ ― so-e seng ― grinding stone

2. sharpening

Etymology 3

Related to سوسو (winking, burning), and dialectal Persian سو (su, “bright, shimmer, view”).

Noun

سو (su)

1. igniting

   سو هاکردن ― su hakerden ― to ignite

Persian

Dari	سو
Iranian Persian
Tajik	сӯ, су

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [soː], [suː]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [soː], [suː]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [soː], [suː]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [soː], [suː]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [sʊː], [su]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [suː]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [sɵ], [su]

Readings
Classical reading?	sō, sū
Dari reading?	sō, sū
Iranian reading?	su
Tajik reading?	sü, su

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian swk' (sōg, “side, direction”).

Noun

سو • (su)

1. Alternative form of سوی (suy): direction, side

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian swk' (sōg, “burning, combustion”). Related to سوختن (suxtan, “to burn”). Compare Mazanderani سو (su), سوسو (susu, “bright, illuminating”).

Noun

سو • (su)

1. (archaic) light, sight, ability to see
2. (Tehrani) shimmer, glitter, sight
3. (Isfahan) glitter, sight
4. (Fars) sight, opinion
5. (Khorasan) sight, glitter, view

Etymology 3

Inherited from Middle Persian swk' (sōg, “profit, advantage”), or alternative form of سود (sud).

Noun

سو • (su, so)

1. profit
2. advantage

References

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “swk'”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 75
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “سو”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
• Vullers, Johann August (1856–1864) “سو”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎^[4] (in Latin), volume II, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 340

Salar

Noun

سو (su)

1. water

References

• ABVD

Sindhi

Etymology

From Sanskrit शत (śata).

Numeral

سو • (sau)

1. hundred

Urdu

Etymology 1

Perhaps from Sanskrit सह (saha).

Adverb

سو • (so) (Hindi spelling सो)

1. so, hence
2. therefore
3. consequently

References

• “سو”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “سو”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 388

Etymology 2

Inherited from Sanskrit शत (śata), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćatám, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm. Compare also Persian صد (sad).

Numeral

Urdu numbers ^(edit)

		1,000
[a], [b] ←  90	[a], [b] ←  99	۱۰۰ 100	101  →	1,000  →
		10
Cardinal: سَو (sau), صَد (sad), سَین٘کڑا (sa͠ikṛā)     Ordinal: سَوواں (sauvā̃)     Multiplier: سَو گُنا (sau gunā)

سو • (sau) (Hindi spelling सौ)

1. hundred

Synonyms

• صد (sad)
• سینکڑا (saiṅkṛā)

References

• “سو”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “sau”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.