Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/teŋiŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Compare Evenki туӈэ̄р (tuŋə̄r, “lake”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*teŋiŕ

1. sea

Declension

Declension of *teŋiŕ

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*teŋiŕ
Accusative	*teŋiŕig, *teŋiŕni1)
Genitive	*teŋiŕniŋ
Dative	*teŋiŕke
Locative	*teŋiŕte
Ablative	*teŋiŕten
Allative	*teŋiŕgerü
Instrumental 2)	*teŋiŕin
Equative 2)	*teŋiŕče
Similative 2)	*teŋiŕleyü
Comitative 2)	*teŋiŕligü

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • → Hungarian: tenger

• Oghuz:
  • Turkmen: deňiz
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: دَڭِز (deňiz)
    • Azerbaijani: dəniz
    • Ottoman Turkish: دڭز (deňiz)
      • Turkish: deniz
      • Gagauz: deniz
• Karluk:
  • Uzbek: dengiz
  • Uyghur: دېڭىز (dë'ngiz)
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: диңгеҙ (diñgeź)
    • Tatar: диңгез (diñgez)
    • → Chuvash: тинӗс (tinĕs)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: deñiz
    • Kumyk: денгиз (deñiz)
    • Karachay-Balkar: тенгиз (teñiz)
  • East Kipchak
    • Kyrgyz: деңиз (deŋiz)
    • Southern Altai: теҥис (teŋis)
  • South Kipchak
    • Karakalpak: teńiz
    • Kazakh: теңіз (teñız)
    • Nogai: денъиз (deñiz)

Further reading

• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “deniz”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

References

• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “deŋgiŕ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill[1]