Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/uruk

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *ur- (“to hit; to place”) +‎ *-uk. Cognate with *urkan (“rope”). According to Clauson some forms with the meaning "lasso" go back to *ukruk (“lasso”) instead.

Noun

*uruk

rope
Synonyms: *urkan, *ȫrken, *arkan

Declension

Declension of *uruk
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*uruk
accusative	urukug, uruknï¹⁾
genitive	*uruknuŋ
dative	*urukka
locative	*urukda
ablative	*urukdan
allative	*urukgaru
instrumental ²⁾	*urukun
equative ²⁾	*urukča
similative ²⁾	*uruklayu
comitative ²⁾	*uruklugu

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghur:
- → Hungarian: hurok^[1]
Common Turkic:

Karluk:
- Karakhanid: اُرُقْ (uruq)
Kipchak:
- East Kipchak:
  - Southern Altai: урук (uruk)
Siberian:
- Old Uyghur: ՚wrwk (uruq)
  - Western Yugur: uruq
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tuvan: урук (uruk, “lasso pole”)
  - Yenisei:
    - Khakas: урух (urux)
    - Shor: уруқ (uruq)
→? Proto-Mongolic: *hurïka^[2]^[3]
→? Proto-Tungusic: *purka

References

^ Róna-Tas, András, Berta, Árpád, Károly, László (2011) West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 431-436
^ Nugteren, Hans (2011) Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages (dissertation)‎^[1], Utrecht: LOT, page 364
^ Sanžejev, G. D., Orlovskaja, M. N., Ševernina, Z. V. (2015–) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ mongolʹskix jazykov: v 3 t. [Etymological dictionary of Mongolic languages: in 3 vols.] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 202

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 215
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 516
Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Nauka, pages 585, 602-603
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*uruk”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[2], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

[1] Róna-Tas, András, Berta, Árpád, Károly, László (2011) West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 431-436

[2] Nugteren, Hans (2011) Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages (dissertation)‎^[1], Utrecht: LOT, page 364

[3] Sanžejev, G. D., Orlovskaja, M. N., Ševernina, Z. V. (2015–) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ mongolʹskix jazykov: v 3 t. [Etymological dictionary of Mongolic languages: in 3 vols.] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 202

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