Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þwerh

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz.

Adjective

*þwerh

1. transverse, crooked

Inflection

a-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*þwerh
Genitive	*þwerhas
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*þwerh	*þwerhu	*þwerh
Accusative	*þwerhanā	*þwerhā	*þwerh
Genitive	*þwerhas	*þwerheʀā	*þwerhas
Dative	*þwerhumē	*þwerheʀē	*þwerhumē
Instrumental	*þwerhu	*þwerheʀu	*þwerhu
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*þwerhē	*þwerhō	*þwerhu
Accusative	*þwerhā	*þwerhā	*þwerhu
Genitive	*þwerheʀō	*þwerheʀō	*þwerheʀō
Dative	*þwerhēm, *þwerhum	*þwerhēm, *þwerhum	*þwerhēm, *þwerhum
Instrumental	*þwerhēm, *þwerhum	*þwerhēm, *þwerhum	*þwerhēm, *þwerhum

Derived terms

• *þwerhōn

Descendants

• Old English: þweorh, þwerh
  • Middle English: thwīre, thwyre
• Old Frisian: þweres (adverb)
  • West Frisian: twer
• Old Saxon: thwerh, ðwerh
  • Middle Low German: dwer, dwers, queer
    • Low German: dweer, dwars, quars; (> verquars)
      • → German: verquast
    • → Middle English: dwere, dwire
    • → Scots: queer
      • → English: queer, qwer (Bermuda)
        • → German: queer, Queer
        • → Swedish: queer
• Old Dutch: *thwerh, *thwerhes
  • Middle Dutch: dwer, dwers, dwersch, dwāers
    • Dutch: dwars
• Old High German: dwerah
  • Middle High German: dwërch, twërch, twerhe, twer
    • Alemannic German: Twër
    • German: quer (Central German); zwerch (Upper German; still in Zwerchfell)
      • → Swedish: kvär (dated)
      • → Danish: kvær (dated)
        • → Norwegian Bokmål: kvær (dated)
    • Luxembourgish: queesch
    • Vilamovian: twar