Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ling

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *-lingaz.

Suffix

*-ling m

1. Forms noun-derivatives with sense of 'belonging to, coming from, descending from', often with a diminutive force.

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*-ling
Genitive	*-lingas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*-ling	*-lingō, *-lingōs
Accusative	*-ling	*-lingā
Genitive	*-lingas	*-lingō
Dative	*-lingē	*-lingum
Instrumental	*-lingu	*-lingum

Derived terms

Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ling

Descendants

• Old English: -ling
  • Middle English: -ling, -linge, -lingge, -lyng, -lynge
    • English: -ling
    • Scots: -ling, -lin
• Old Frisian: -ling
  • Saterland Frisian: -ling
  • West Frisian: -ling
• Old Saxon: -ling
  • Middle Low German: -linc, -link
    • German Low German: -ling
• Old Dutch: -ling
  • Middle Dutch: -ling
    • Dutch: -ling
• Old High German: -ling
  • Middle High German: -linc
    • German: -ling
• → Vulgar Latin: *-lingus
  • Old French: -lein, -lain, -llan, -layn, -lenc, -leyn
    • Middle French: -llan
      • French: -llan
        • → Italian: -llano
        • → Spanish: -lán
    • → English: -lain
  • Old Italian: -lingo
    • Italian: -lengo
  • Old Occitan: -leng
    • Catalan: -lenc
  • Spanish: -lengo