Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hlūdijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *hlūd (“loud”) +‎ *-jan.

Verb

*hlūdijan

1. to make a loud noise

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*hlūdijan
1st sg. past	*hlūdidā
Infinitive	*hlūdijan
Genitive infin.	*hlūdijannjas
Dative infin.	*hlūdijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*hlūdijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*hlūdiju	*hlūdidā
2nd singular	*hlūdisi	*hlūdidēs, *hlūdidōs
3rd singular	*hlūdiþi	*hlūdidē, *hlūdidā
1st plural	*hlūdijum	*hlūdidum
2nd plural	*hlūdiþ	*hlūdidud
3rd plural	*hlūdijanþ	*hlūdidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*hlūdijē	*hlūdidī
2nd singular	*hlūdijēs	*hlūdidī
3rd singular	*hlūdijē	*hlūdidī
1st plural	*hlūdijēm	*hlūdidīm
2nd plural	*hlūdijēþ	*hlūdidīd
3rd plural	*hlūdijēn	*hlūdidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*hlūdi
Plural	*hlūdiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*hlūdijandī	*hlūdid

Related terms

• *hlūdēn

Descendants

• Old English: hlȳdan
• Old Frisian: hlēda
  • West Frisian: liede
• Old Saxon: *hlūdian
  • Middle Low German: lūden, lǖden
• Old Dutch: lūden
  • Middle Dutch: luden
    • Dutch: luiden
• Old High German: lūten
  • Middle High German: liuten, lūten
    • Alemannic German: lüüte
    • German: läuten
    • ⇒ Middle High German: geliute
      • Cimbrian: galòit
      • German: Geläut