Tangut
English edit
Etymology edit
From a Middle Mongol exonym used by the Mongols, which would become the Classical Mongolian ᠲᠠᠩᠭᠤᠳ (taŋɣud) that was phonetically transcribed in Ming-era Early Mandarin Chinese as 唐兀惕 (/*tʰaŋ(ŋ)ut/) in the Chinese edition of the Secret History of the Mongols (《元朝秘史》).[1] The designation ultimately derives from Old Turkic 𐱃𐰭𐰆𐱃 (t¹ŋut¹) as attested in the 8th-century Bilgä Qaǧan stele.[2] The English word, and similar forms in European languages, derives from Medieval Latin Tangut (*Tangunt in the Leiden manuscript) from the accounts of William of Rubruck compiled in the 1250s.[3] The English form was attested in the writings of Richard Hakluyt who translated parts of William's accounts in the late 16th century.[4]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Tangut pl (plural only)
Translations edit
Noun edit
Tangut (plural Tanguts)
- A member of the Tangut people.
- 2007 October 10, Thomas Laird, The Story of Tibet: Conversations with the Dalai Lama[2], Grove/Atlantic, Inc., →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 111:
- In 1227, from his deathbed, as his armies lay siege to the Tangut capital, he ordered every Tangut to be slaughtered. His troops carried out his orders, even though he was dead by the time of the final slaughter. So complete was the extermination that until recently the Tangut were a historical blur virtually erased from history by the Mongols.
- 2012 October 12, Anatoly M. Khazanov, Andre Wink, Nomads in the Sedentary World (Curzon-Iias Asian Studies)[3], Routledge, →ISBN, page 194:
- In the tenth century, livestock breeding was still the basic form of economic activity among the Tanguts. Chinese officials reported to the court: 'The Tanguts live in the sands, pasture livestock, and do not have a permanent place of residence.'4
Translations edit
Proper noun edit
Tangut
- Their Tibeto-Burman language.
- The logographic script uniquely used to write their language.
Translations edit
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Adjective edit
Tangut (not generally comparable, comparative more Tangut, superlative most Tangut)
- Of or pertaining to the Tangut people, language or script.
Translations edit
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Derived terms edit
See also edit
- ISO 639-3 code txg (SIL)
- Ethnologue entry for Tangut, txg
References edit
- ^ anonymous author (13th century) chapter 12, in 元朝秘史續 [The Secret History of the Mongols (continued)], published 1805, page 1
- ^ “The Bilge Kagan inscription. Face.”, in TÜRIK BITIG[1], 2021 April 24 (last accessed), archived from the original on 2016-07-08
- ^ Michel, Francisque, Wright, Thomas (1253) “Voyage en Orient du Frère Guillaume de Rubruk”, in M.A.P. d'Avezac-Macaya, editor, Recueil de Voyages et de Mémoires (in Latin), volume 4, Paris: Société de Geographie, published 1839, page 288: “Post istos sunt et ipsi Tangut ad orientem inter montes illos, homines fortissimi, qui ceperunt Chingis in bello.”
- ^ Hakluyt, Richard (1589) “The iournal of frier William de Rubruquis”, in The principal navigations, voyages, traffiques and discoveries of the English nation, page 116: “Next unto them, between the foreſaid mountaines Eaſtward, inhabiteth the nation of Tangut, who are a moſt ualiant people, and tooke Chingis in battell.”