Template:sk-conj

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The following documentation is located at Template:sk-conj/documentation. ^[edit]

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Usage

This template returns the whole conjugation of Slovak verbs. It works with any verb and requires two or (occasionally) three parameters to do so.

Parameters

• parameter 1 – indicates whether the verb is perfective or imperfective – the recognised values are pf and impf; if the verb is impersonal, add -impers to the parameter (yielding pf-impers or impf-impers); if the verb is reflexive, add -sa or -si depending on which reflexive particle should be used;
• parameter 2 – indicated the class and the pattern, which the given verb belongs to; the recognised values are given in the table below;
• parameter 3 – usually unnecessary; mandatory only when parameter 2 is 3a (pattern niesť), where it specifies the 3rd person plural without the personal ending -ú or -u, otherwise only needed with the pattern žuť (parameter 2 4d) in rare cases when the infinitive ends with -iať and the present stem (3rd person singular) ends with -aje.

Optional parameters

To use the following parameters, call them with the value 1:

• no_impr – indicated that the verb does not form imperative;
• no_gerund – indicated that the gerund of a given verb is not used;
• no_pasv_part and pasv_part – indicate whether there should be or should not be the present passive participle for the verb, which is usually handled by the module itself, but sometimes this depends on facts that are way beyond the scope of the code.

Sometimes there are more possibilities for a certain form of a verb, which can be specified with these parameters:

• impr_2sg2, impr_1pl2, impr_2pl2 – provides alternative imperative forms;
• pres_actv_part2, past_actv_part2, pres_pasv_part2 – provides alternatives to the present/past active or passive participles;
• transgr2 – provides an alternative transgressive;
• gerund2 – provides an alternative gerund;
• past_m2, past_f2, past_n2, past_pl2 – provides alternative l-participles (masculine, feminine, neutral and plural, respectively), which are then used to form the composite tenses, i.e. the conditionals, the past and the past perfect;
• pres_futr_1sg2, pres_futr_2sg2, pres_futr_3sg2, pres_futr_1pl2, pres_futr_2pl2, pres_futr_3pl2 – provides alternative present (for imperfect verbs) or future forms (for perfect verbs).

Examples

A simple regular verb like čítať requires only 2 parameters:

• {{sk-conj|impf|1}}

The result:

Conjugation of čítať (class I, pattern chytať)

infinitive		čítať
present active participle		čítajúci
past active participle		—
passive participle		čítaný
l-participle (m./f./n./pl.)		čítal, čítala, čítalo, čítali
transgressive		čítajúc
gerund		čítanie
indicative	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present	čítam	čítaš	číta	čítame	čítate	čítajú
past (m./f./n.)	čítal som čítala som čítalo som	čítal si čítala si čítalo si	čítal čítala čítalo	čítali sme	čítali ste	čítali
past perfect (m./f./n.)	bol som čítal bola som čítala bolo som čítalo	bol si čítal bola si čítala bolo si čítalo	bol čítal bola čítala bolo čítalo	boli sme čítali	boli ste čítali	boli čítali
future	budem čítať	budeš čítať	bude čítať	budeme čítať	budete čítať	budú čítať
conditional	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present (m./f./n.)	čítal by som čítala by som čítalo by som	čítal by si čítala by si čítalo by si	čítal by čítala by čítalo by	čítali by sme	čítali by ste	čítali by
past (m./f./n.)	bol by som čítal bola by som čítala bolo by som čítalo	bol by si čítal bola by si čítala bolo by si čítalo	bol by čítal bola by čítala bolo by čítalo	boli by sme čítali	boli by ste čítali	boli by čítali
imperative	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present	—	čítaj	—	čítajme	čítajte	—

The modal verb musieť belongs to the pattern vidieť (5b), but does not have imperative forms:

• {{sk-conj|impf|5b|no_impr=1}}

The result:

Conjugation of musieť (class V, pattern vidieť)

infinitive		musieť
present active participle		musiaci
past active participle		—
passive participle		musený
l-participle (m./f./n./pl.)		musel, musela, muselo, museli
transgressive		musiac
gerund		musenie
indicative	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present	musím	musíš	musí	musíme	musíte	musia
past (m./f./n.)	musel som musela som muselo som	musel si musela si muselo si	musel musela muselo	museli sme	museli ste	museli
past perfect (m./f./n.)	bol som musel bola som musela bolo som muselo	bol si musel bola si musela bolo si muselo	bol musel bola musela bolo muselo	boli sme museli	boli ste museli	boli museli
future	budem musieť	budeš musieť	bude musieť	budeme musieť	budete musieť	budú musieť
conditional	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present (m./f./n.)	musel by som musela by som muselo by som	musel by si musela by si muselo by si	musel by musela by muselo by	museli by sme	museli by ste	museli by
past (m./f./n.)	bol by som musel bola by som musela bolo by som muselo	bol by si musel bola by si musela bolo by si muselo	bol by musel bola by musela bolo by muselo	boli by sme museli	boli by ste museli	boli by museli

The verb piecť belongs to the pattern niesť (3a), therefore the 2nd form of the present stem (the 3rd person plural without the personal suffix) must be specified:

• {{sk-conj|impf|3a|peč}}

The result:

Conjugation of piecť (class III, pattern niesť)

infinitive		piecť
present active participle		pečúci
past active participle		—
passive participle		pečený
l-participle (m./f./n./pl.)		piekol, piekla, pieklo, piekli
transgressive		pečúc
gerund		pečenie
indicative	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present	pečiem	pečieš	pečie	pečieme	pečiete	pečú
past (m./f./n.)	piekol som piekla som pieklo som	piekol si piekla si pieklo si	piekol piekla pieklo	piekli sme	piekli ste	piekli
past perfect (m./f./n.)	bol som piekol bola som piekla bolo som pieklo	bol si piekol bola si piekla bolo si pieklo	bol piekol bola piekla bolo pieklo	boli sme piekli	boli ste piekli	boli piekli
future	budem piecť	budeš piecť	bude piecť	budeme piecť	budete piecť	budú piecť
conditional	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present (m./f./n.)	piekol by som piekla by som pieklo by som	piekol by si piekla by si pieklo by si	piekol by piekla by pieklo by	piekli by sme	piekli by ste	piekli by
past (m./f./n.)	bol by som piekol bola by som piekla bolo by som pieklo	bol by si piekol bola by si piekla bolo by si pieklo	bol by piekol bola by piekla bolo by pieklo	boli by sme piekli	boli by ste piekli	boli by piekli
imperative	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present	—	peč	—	pečme	pečte	—

Reflexive verbs like usmiať sa need to have this specified:

• {{sk-conj|pf-sa|4d}}

The result:

Conjugation of usmiať sa (class IV, pattern žuť)

infinitive		usmiať sa
present active participle		—
past active participle		usmiavší sa
passive participle		—
l-participle (m./f./n./pl.)		usmial, usmiala, usmialo, usmiali
transgressive		usmejúc sa
gerund		usmiatie sa
indicative	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
past (m./f./n.)	usmial som sa usmiala som sa usmialo som sa	usmial si sa usmiala si sa usmialo si sa	usmial sa usmiala sa usmialo sa	usmiali sme sa	usmiali ste sa	usmiali sa
past perfect (m./f./n.)	bol som sa usmial bola som sa usmiala bolo som sa usmialo	bol si sa usmial bola si sa usmiala bolo si sa usmialo	bol sa usmial bola sa usmiala bolo sa usmialo	boli sme sa usmiali	boli ste sa usmiali	boli sa usmiali
future	usmejem sa	usmeješ sa	usmeje sa	usmejeme sa	usmejete sa	usmejú sa
conditional	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present (m./f./n.)	usmial by som sa usmiala by som sa usmialo by som sa	usmial by si sa usmiala by si sa usmialo by si sa	usmial by sa usmiala by sa usmialo by sa	usmiali by sme sa	usmiali by ste sa	usmiali by sa
past (m./f./n.)	bol by som sa usmial bola by som sa usmiala bolo by som sa usmialo	bol by si sa usmial bola by si sa usmiala bolo by si sa usmialo	bol by sa usmial bola by sa usmiala bolo by sa usmialo	boli by sme sa usmiali	boli by ste sa usmiali	boli by sa usmiali
imperative	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present	—	usmej sa	—	usmejme sa	usmejte sa	—

Impersonal verbs like pršať need to have this specified:

• {{sk-conj|impf-impers|5c}}

The result:

Conjugation of pršať (class V, pattern kričať)

infinitive		pršať
present active participle		—
past active participle		—
passive participle		—
l-participle		pršalo
transgressive		—
gerund		pršanie
indicative	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present	—	—	prší	—	—	—
past	—	—	pršalo	—	—	—
past perfect	—	—	bolo pršalo	—	—	—
future	—	—	bude pršať	—	—	—
conditional	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present	—	—	pršalo by	—	—	—
past	—	—	bolo by pršalo	—	—	—

Conjugation patterns

Here is a list of all verbal patterns with the values for parameter 2. The patterns are taken from the official guidelines for Slovak morphology by Jozef Ružička and co.: Morfológia slovenského jazyka, 1966.

Class I
Value	Infinitive	Present stem 1	Present stem 2
1	chyt-a-ť	chyt-á	chyt-aj-ú
Class II
Value	Infinitive	Present stem 1	Present stem 2
2	rozum-ie-ť	rozum-ie	rozum-ej-ú
Class III
Value	Infinitive	Present stem 1	Present stem 2
3a	nies-ť	nes-ie	nes-∅-ú
3b	trie-ť	tr-ie	tr-∅-ú
3c	hyn-ú-ť	hyn-ie	hyn-∅-ú
3d	br-a-ť	ber-ie	ber-∅-ú
Class IV
Value	Infinitive	Present stem 1	Present stem 2
4a	čes-a-ť	češ-e	češ-∅-ú
4b	ža-ť	žn-e	žn-∅-ú
4c	chudn-ú-ť	chudn-e	chudn-∅-ú
4d	žu-ť	žuj-e	žuj-∅-ú
4e	pracov-a-ť	pracuj-e	pracuj-∅-ú
Class V
Value	Infinitive	Present stem 1	Present stem 2
5a	rob-i-ť	rob-í	rob-∅-ia
5b	vid-ie-ť	vid-í	vid-∅-ia
5c	krič-a-ť	krič-í	krič-∅-ia

There are a few basic irregular verbs in the Slovak language, some more that are only derived from these:

Value	Infinitive	Present stem 1	Present stem 2
irreg-byť	byť	je	s-ú
irreg-jesť	jesť	je	jed-ia
irreg-vedieť	vedieť	vie	ved-ia
irreg-chcieť	chcieť	chc-e	chc-ú
irreg-ísť	ísť	id-e	id-ú
irreg-stáť	stáť	stoj-í	stoj-a
irreg-stať	stať sa	stan-e sa	stan-ú sa

The verbs môcť and povedať and other verbs derived from them are handled separately in the code for the sake of simplicity, even though these forms are mostly regular according to one of the patterns mentioned above:

Value	Infinitive	Present stem 1	Present stem 2
irreg-môcť	môc-ť	môž-e	môž-u
irreg-povedať	povedať	povie	poved-ia