User:-sche/PS

Proto-Siouan-Catawban

wi-

*wi-

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Proto-Siouan(-Catawban?)

wirį "water"

• Lakota: mni (“water”)

• Catawba (unrelated?): ya ye, yehi(ye) (“water”)

cf. qʷaʔ/*qoʔ, below see list, in the section 'fire', of compound words meaning 'fire-water' which, although they do not themselves derive from Proto-Siouan, are made up of parts which do

References

• Robert Rankin, The Comparative Method, in The Handbook of Historical Linguistics
• Robert Rankin, in the Handbook of North American Indians

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wité· "bison/buffalo (cow)"

(alternatively: wihtéː)

*wité· (*???)

(in many languages, the word for "bison/buffalo" shifted to "cow")

• Lakota: pte- (“cow”)

• Catawba: wide, widʌya, wude (“buffalo, cow”)

References

• Robert Rankin, in the Handbook of North American Indians

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wišúke "dog (horse)"

(in many languages, both Siouan-Catawban and non-Siouan-Catawban, the word for "dog" shifted to mean "horse")

• Lakota: šuka?

• Catawba: wiit, wiitchawa, witsugwa, witsagwe (“horse”)

  (for reference only; unrelated: Catawba tansi, tasi (“dog”))

References

• Robert Rankin, in the Handbook of North American Indians

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ruša "wash"

• Lakota: yužáža (“wash”)?

• Catawba (unrelated?): ta(n) (“to wash”) (stem), data(n)re (“I wash”), ita(n)re (“they wash”)

References

• Robert Rankin, The Comparative Method, in The Handbook of Historical Linguistics

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wą́·ke "man; self"

• Lakota: wičhá (“man”)

References

• Lyle Campbell in American Indian Languages, citing personal communication with Robert Rankin

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wi-Ro "Indian potato"

• Lakota: blo?

  Dakota: bdo, mdo?

• Catawba (unrelated?): witeke (“potato”)

References

• Robert Rankin, The Comparative Method, in The Handbook of Historical Linguistics

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ihtó "grue (blue/green)"

(with length marked: ihtóː)

• Lakota: tȟó (“grue, blue and green”)

  Catawba (unrelated?): wu, wi (“blue”), wiʌnkʌre, wuyanka, wayungka (“dark blue”)

  Catawba (unrelated?): yʌha (“green”), wayani- (“green”)

References

• Robert Rankin, The Comparative Method, in The Handbook of Historical Linguistics

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ahpéte "fire"

(with length marked: ahpéːte)

• Lakota: pȟéta (“fire”)

  Dakota: phéta (Santee), pȟéta (Sisseton)

  Tutelo: p'ech (“fire”)

• Catawba: impi, i(n)pi

Compound words meaning 'fire-water' which, although they do not themselves derive from Proto-Siouan, are made up of parts which do:

• Winnebago pé:j̆-nį́:
• Ioway-Otoe phéh-ñi
• Omaha-Ponca ppé:de-ni (form is identical in both dialects, Omaha and Ponca)
• Kansa ppé:j̆e-ni
• Osage hpé:te-ni
• Quapaq ppé:tte-ni

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numerals

"one"

Two Proto-Siouan roots for "one" can be reconstructed, each one found in one subgroup and almost entirely missing from another:

• wįyą

• nǫ(ːsa)/rǫ(ːsa) (importantly, this root also found in Quapaw hi nǫxtį "once, one time", where -xtį is the morpheme denoting "_ times")

  Catawba: dəpe, nepeⁿ

  Woccon: tonne

References

• Robert Rankin, A Relic of Proto-Siouan *rǫ/nǫ "one" in Mississippi Valley Siouan

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nupa "two"

(with length marked: nuːpa ... or núːpa?)

• Lakota:

  Catawba: na(ⁿ)p(ə)re, na(ⁿ)p(ə)rere (“two”)

  Woccon: numperre, numperra (“two”)

References

• Wolff (1950)

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"three"

• Catawba: nomnə, nomnəre

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tópa "four"

(with length marked: tóːpa)

• Lakota: topa (“four”)

compare:

• Catawba: parpre, parprere

  Woccan/Woccon: punnun, punne (“four”)

References

• Robert Rankin, The Comparative Method, in The Handbook of Historical Linguistics

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misc

red

• Lakota: šá (“red”)
• Catawba: sika (“red”)

water

Lyle Campbell (1997), citing (Haas 1965): "Proto-Siouan *qʷaʔ / *qoʔ 'water'"

mother

hų

This entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

==Proto-Siouan==
===Alternative forms===
* hun
===Noun===
*PS
# mother
====Descendants====
* Hidatsa: hu (“mother”)
* Lakota: húŋku (“her/his mother”), nihúŋ (“your mother”)
===References===
* Matthews (1959)