User:AryamanA/IA innovations

This is a list of Middle and New IA vocabulary innovations, focusing on terms not attested in earlier stages of the languages (OIA) but with perhaps earlier provenance. Top headings are the earliest stage that they can be reconstructed to. Next to each term in parentheses is the earliest stage of attestation.

Indo-European

• *आर्त (ārta), 𑀆𑀝𑀸 (āṭā, “flour”) (Middle MIA)

  Proto-Indo-Aryan *HārHtás (“that which is ground”), vriddhi derivative from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥Htás (“ground”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂l̥h₁-tós (“ground”).

  Compare Persian آرد (ârd), Avestan 𐬀𐬴𐬀 (aṣ̌a, “ground”), Old Armenian աղամ (ałam).

• *भ्रूर (bhrūra), *𑀪𑀽𑀭 (*bhūra, “brown”) (NIA)
  • Hindi भूरा (bhūrā); from Proto-Indo-European *bʰruH-ró-s. Seems reasonable. Compare Sanskrit बभ्रु (babhru).
• *वरि (vari, “speech, language”) (Dardic)
  • Proto-Indo-European *werh₁- (“to say”): Kalasha var, Indus Kohistani vārī̀, and well preserved in Nuristani.

Indo-Iranian

See also: User:Bhagadatta/Indo-Iranian Vocabulary Innovations

• *𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (*kutta, “dog”) (Middle MIA)

  EMIA *kutrás? (or is that hypercorrection?)

  Compare Proto-Iranian *kútah.

• 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ekka, “one”) (Early MIA)

  Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háykas, Sanskrit एक (éka), but why is there unexplained gemination in MIA and why is this only attested in IA and Nuristani? Seems similar to how a lot of MIA > OIA back-formations work.

• ?*अव (ava, “that”), (Late MIA)

  Proto-Indo-Iranian *avá, Hindi वह (vah)

Indo-Aryan

• *𑀙𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀝 (*choṭṭa, “small”) (NIA)
• *𑀣𑀧𑀢𑀺 (*thapati, “to slap, hit, stamp”) (NIA)

  Reminds me of Sanskrit स्था (sthā) with an extension.

• *sasta? (“cheap”) (NIA)

  Probably a borrowing from somewhere.

  Hindi सस्ता (sastā) etc.

• *𑀩𑀸𑀧𑁆𑀧 (*bāppa, “daddy”) (Middle MIA)

  Onomatopoeic probably. Compare Sanskrit वप्तृ (vaptṛ).

• *𑀘𑀸𑀳𑁆 (*cāh, “to want; should”) (Early MIA)