Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰerH-
Proto-Indo-European
editRoot
edit*bʰerH-[1]
Extensions
edit- *bʰer-dʰ-
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: πέρθω (pérthō)
- Proto-Hellenic:
Derived terms
edit- *bʰorH-(e)-ti (o-grade root present?)
- *bʰér-ye-ti (with synchronic laryngeal deletion as in *wéryeti)[note 1]
- *bʰorH-ye-ti (o-grade ye-present?)
- Proto-Germanic: *barjaną (see there for further descendants)
- *bʰorH-eh₂yé-ti
- *bʰer-ano-
- *bʰorH-ni-s
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *barˀnis (see there for further descendants)
- *bʰr̥H-eh₂
- *bʰr̥H-o-m
- Unsorted formations:
Notes
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 De Vaan maintains that the root-final laryngeal was vocalized in Latin, against the controversial *CHY > *CY rule of which he makes no mention. To explain Latin feriō, he suggests that the laryngeal was lost prevocalically in other formations and that the new root *bʰer- was back-formed to those.
References
edit- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 133–134
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “feriō, -īre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 213: “PIt. *fer-je/o-”
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “forō, -āre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 235–236: “PIt. *foraje/o-”
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “Proto-Indo-European/bʰerH-”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 163
Alternative reconstructions
editRoot
editNotes
editRinge doubts the existence of this root, stating "an actual PIE word of [the requisite] shape and meaning is not recoverable".[2]
Derived terms
edit- *bʰérH-ō ~ *bʰr̥H-nés[3] (possibly, alternatively perhaps from *ǵʰwer- (“wild (animal)”)[2])
- Proto-Germanic: *berô (“bear”) (see there for further descendants)
- *bʰerH-o-s[4][3]
- *bʰérH-u-s ~ *bʰr̥H-éw-s[5] (possibly)
- ⇒ *bʰruH-nó-s (possibly from metathesized *bʰr̥Hu-nó-s)
- ⇒ *bʰruH-ró-s (possibly from metathesized *bʰr̥Hu-ró-s)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰruHrás[7]
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰruHrás
- Proto-Iranian: *buHráh (“reddish/yellowish-brown”)
- Ossetian: (“yellow”)
- Khotanese: [script needed] (baurakhä, “yellow leaf”)
- Sogdian: (/βōr/, “blonde”)
- Syriac script: ܒܘܪ (βwr)
- Yagnobi: вур (vur, “brown”)
- Yidgha: وور (vūr, “pale red”)
- Baluchi: بور (/bōr/, “bay horse”)
- Northern Kurdish: bor (“grey”)
- Middle Persian: (/bōr/, “reddish-brown, bay [horse]”)
- Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwl)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰruHrás[7]
- ⇒ *bʰé-bʰr-u-s (“beaver”)[1][5][8] (possibly, or perhaps via *bʰé-bʰr̥ ~ *bʰi-bʰr-ós[9][10])
- Unsorted formations:
- Armenian:
- Old Armenian: բորենի (boreni, “hyena”) (or borrowed from the Iranian cognate)
- Armenian:
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “5. bher-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 136-137
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 106
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*beran-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 59-60
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Derksen, Rick (2015) “bėras”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 87
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell
- ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ƀrūnaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 60
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*bhrūra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “bebras”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 84-85
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 265
- ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*bebura-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 57-58