User:Geographyinitiative/China's Final Warning
There is a rich treasure trove of geographical terminology connected with a series of apparently hundreds of warnings over the course of several decades from the People's Republic of China concerning alleged violations of territorial sovereignty.
I am not well acquainted with the subject and intend to use this page as a notepad or scratchboard for understanding the history of these warnings, with your help welcomed. I'm sure I will run into authoritative scholarly information in the course of doing this that will eclipse what I'm doing, but I envision every stage of this process as helping Wiktionary and Wikipedia to grow on its knowledge of the subject as I am growing.
The final form of the information I am collecting here should appear at China's final warning or some such similar page in my opinion, yet (apparently?) does not. So a final goal of this project would be to determine where, if anywhere, this information might be appropriate on Wikipedia or WMF sites.
The mid-range goal would consist of enriching the quotations and citations for Wiktionary entries related to the geographical terms discussed in the warnings.
The most basic goal would be for me personally to just have a basic grasp of what actually happened- how many warnings were there, when the warnings started and ended, what got reported in what media outlets, who has done scholarly work on the subject, etc. "What is this?"
- 1-99 (1958-1960)
- 100-199 (1960-1962)
- 200-299 (1962-1964)
- 300-399 (1964-1966)
- 400-497 (1966-1971)
Dwight D. Eisenhower 1953-1961
edit1958
edit1
editSeptember 7, 1958 [1]
16
editSeptember 28, 1958 Amoy Fukien [2]
17
edit18
editSeptember 30, 1958 [4]
23
editOctober 6, 1958 [5]
24
editOctober 8, 1958 [6]
25
editOctober 8, 1958 [7]
27
editOctober 11, 1958 Matsu [8]
28
editOctober 11, 1958 Matsu [9]
30
editOctober 13, 1958 [10]
31
editOctober 14, 1958 Pingtan [11]
34
editOctober 17, 1958 Pingtan Matsu [12]
42
editNovember 17, 1958 [13]
43
editNovember 29, 1958 [14]
44
editDecember 3, 1958 Yushan Taichou Chekiang [15]
45
editDecember 6, 1958 Chekiang, Fukien, Kiangsi [16]
1959
edit47
editJanuary 10, 1959 Matsu Tungyin Fukien [17]
- 1959 January 10, A179[18], Associated Press Clippings, sourced from LONDON (AP), page 5794, column 1:
- PEIPING RADIO SAID TODAY COMMUNIST CHINA ISSUED ITS 47TH "SERIOUS WARNING" TO THE UNITED STATES FOR ALLEGED VIOLATION OF CHINA'S TERRITORIAL WATERS.
THE BROADCAST CLAIMED AN AMERICAN WARSHIP VIOLATED CHINA'S TERRITORIAL WATERS IN THE MATSU AND TUNGYIN ISLAND AREAS OF FUKIEN PROVINCE.
48
editApril 2, 1959 [19]
52
editJune 27, 1959 [20]
- 1959 June 28, “Chinese Charge Air Violations By U. S. Planes”, in Monroe Morning World[21], volume 30, number 224, Monroe, Louisiana, sourced from Tokyo (AP), →OCLC, page 6-A, column 4:
- Radio Peiping said one plane had "intruded into China's territorial air space" over Yunghsing, Pei and Shu Islands in the Hsisha Islands, Kwangtung Province, and another over Tung Island in the Hsisha.
54
editJuly 5, 1959 [22]
55
editJuly 7, 1959 Fukien [23]
56
editJuly 13, 1959 Kwangtung [24]
58
edit- 1959 July 20, “U.S. Plane Accused Of Air Violation”, in The Cumberland News[25], volume 21, number 239, Cumberland, Maryland, sourced from Tokyo (AP), page 1, column 8:
- Peiping radio said a U.S. Navy aircraft violated Chinese Communist air space over Pingtan and White Dog islands off the coastal province of Fukien Sunday and added that a Red foreign ministry spokesman was "authorized to issue its 58th serious warning against the intrusion."
60
editJuly 25, 1959 Yinghsing Shih Paracels [26]
62
edit- 1959 August 23 [1959 August 22], “Peking Charges U. S. Violated Air Space”, in The Washington Post[27], volume 82, number 261, sourced from London UPI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page A 15, column 7:
- A United States Navy patrol plane today violated Communist China's air space, Radio Peking charged in a broadcast heard here.
The broadcast said the alleged violation occured over Yunghsing Island in the Hsisha group off the Southern China province of Kwangtung. Peking said the Chinese foreign ministry issued the "62nd warning regarding provocation by United States military aircraft" as a result of the alleged vilolation[sic – meaning violation].
63
edit- 1959 August 25 [1959 August 24], “Peking Protest”, in The China Mail[28], number 37444, sourced from AFP, →OCLC, page 2, column 2:
- A patrol plane of the U.S. Navy intruded over Yunghsing, Chung and Pei islands, Kwangtung Province, this morning, Radio Peking reported.
A spokesman of the Chinese Foreign Ministry has been authorized to give the sixty-third serious warning regarding the military provocation by U.S. military aircraft.
1960
edit95
edit- 1960 May 14 [1960 May 13], “Peking Charges U. S. Plane Flight”, in The Washington Post[29], volume 83, number 161, sourced from Peking, →ISSN, →OCLC, page A 4, column 6:
- Today's intrusion, the spoekman said, followed "immediately after the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China issued on May 11 its 95th serious warning against the intrusion of a U. S. naval patrol airplane into China's air space over Yunghsing Island in the Hsisha Islands, Kwangtung province."
96
editMay 13, 1960 Formosa, Quemoy, Matsu, Paracel Islands [30]
99
editMay 25, 1960 Formosa, offshore islands [31]
100
editMay 26, 1960 [32]
101
editMay 29, 1960 Kwangtung [33]
104
edit- 1960 June 5, “China Charges U.S. Military Plane Intrusion”, in Independent-Press-Telegram[34], volume 8, number 41, Long Beach, Cali., sourced from Tokyo (UPI), page C-6, column 4:
- China charged that U.S. military planes intruded in Chinese territorial air on two occasions Saturday and immediately issued a warning, its 104th, against "military provocations."
The New China News Agency said the first plane intruded over the Yunghsing, Shih and Pei Islands in the Hsisha island group, Kwangtung provience[sic – meaning province], between 9:55 a.m. and 10:04 a.m.
128
edit- 1960 December 12, “'Intruder' Report”, in The Daily Record[35], volume 72, number 215, Stroudsburg, PA., sourced from Tokyo AP, →OCLC, page 2, column 7:
- Peiping radio claimed an American naval patrol plane “intruded” Saturday night over Communist China - held Yunghsing and Shin islands in the Paracel Islands off mainland south China. A spokesman for Peiping's Foreign Ministry, the broadcast said, was authorized to issue what it described as the "128th serious warning against this military provocation by a U.S. military aircraft."
1961
editJohn F. Kennedy 1961-1963
edit149
editMay 8, 1961 Pinghai, Swabue in Kwantung [36]
159
editJuly 4, 1961 Guangdong Xisha Yongxing *
169
editSeptember 3, 1961 Kwantung [38]
172
editmid-September [39]
1962
edit197
editApril 16, 1962 Shandong Qingdao *
200
edit201
editMay 5, 1962 Hsisha [42]
208
editJune 24, 1962 Guangdong Shangchuan Dao *
221
editNovember 23, 1962 Hsisha [44]
1963
edit235
editCoastal Area of Fukien [45]
236
editMarch 27, 1963 Yunghsing, Pei, Tung [46]
249
edit- 1963 July 6, “Charge Violation”, in The Cumberland News[47], volume 25, number 222, Cumberland, Maryland, sourced from Tokyo (UPI), page 2, column 5:
- Communist China charged Friday that a U.S. military plane intruded into Red air space and issued its "249th serious warning" against such alleged incidents, the New China news agency said.
The news agency said that the American plane intruded into "China's territorial air over the Yunghsing, Pei and Shu islands of the Hsisha Island group in Kwangtung Province this afternoon."
264
editOctober 1963 [48]
268
editNovember 2, 1963 Yunghsing Tung Kwangtung [49]
Lyndon Johnson 1963-1969
edit1964
edit276
editJanuary 28, 1964 [50]
280
editmid-March [51]
297
editJune 21, 1964 福建省白犬 [52]
300
editJuly 1, 1964 [53]
307
editAugust 9, 1964 [54]
329
editSeptember 27, 1964 [55]
338
editOctober 29, 1964 Pingtan Meichow Fukien [56]
345
editNovember 20, 1964 Fukien [57]
369
editDecember 3, 1964 [58]
353
editDecember 25, 1964 [59]
1965
edit355
editJanuary 1, 1965 Fukien [60]
357
editJanuary 24, 1965 [61]
371
editMarch 29, 1965 Hainan [62]
389
edit1965 [63]
1966
edit397
editJanuary 7, 1966 福建省平潭岛 广东省西沙群岛的永兴岛、东岛 [64]
400
editApril 5, 1966 Fukien [65]
402
editMay 24, 1966 Kwangtung [66]
418
editDecember 15, 1966 [67]
419
editDecember 25, 1966 Hainan [68]
1967
edit425
editFebruary 22, 1967 Wushih Hoihong Kwangtung Hainan [69]
- 1967 February 22, “Chinese Charge Plane Intruded Over Island”, in Pottstown Mercury[70], volume 36, number 126, Pottstown, PA, sourced from TOKYO (AP), page 2, column 4:
- Peking's official New China News Agency said the Chinese Foreign Ministry issued the 425th "serious" warning against the U.S. "provocations." […]
One Chinese fisherman was killed and three others were wounded the broadcast said. The two fishing boats belonging to the Wushih People's Commune of Hoihong County in Kwangtung Province were damaged, it added.
427
editPinghai, Kwangtung; Huangchi, Fukien; Tung & Yunghsing, Hsisha, Kwangtung
- 1967 March 5, “Red China Says U.S. Warships Intruded”, in Independent-Press-Telegram[71], volume 15, number 29, Long Beach, Cali., sourced from Tokyo UPI, page A-21, column 3:
- Communist China charged Sunday that three U.S. warships and two planes intruded into its territory Saturday and issued its 427th "serious warning" to the United States.
The New China News Agency said in a broadcast that two U.S. warships sailed into Red China's territorial waters off Pinhhai[sic – meaning Pinghai] in Kwangtung Province, and that a third warship entered Chinese waters southeast of Huangchi Peninsula in Fukien Province.
- 1967 March 6 [1967 March 4], “CHINA'S 427TH WARNING AGAINST PROVOCATIONS”, in Daily Report: Foreign Radio Broadcasts[72], number 44, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Peking NCNA Domestic Service, translation of original in Chinese, →OCLC, page BBB 1[73]:
- Two U. S. warships intruded into China's territorial waters southeast of Pinghai in Kwangtung Province between 0323 and 0651 on 4 March.
On the same day, another U. S. warship intruded into China's territorial waters southeast of Huangchi Peninsula in Fukien Province between 0921 and 1957. […]
A spokesman of the Chinese Foreign Ministry has been authorized, in relation to those military provocations by U. S. military planes and warships, to issue the 427th serious warning.
1968
edit?
edit- 1968 February 28, “Peking Accuses U.S. Of Intruding”, in The Lincoln Star[74], volume 66, number 129, Lincoln, Nebraska, sourced from Tokyo (AP), →OCLC, page 24, column 4:
- Radio Peking said one plane intruded over territorial waters east of Namoa Island and another near Yunghsing Island, both off the coast of the southern province of Kwangtung.
451
edit- 1969 [1968 February 27], Joseph C. Goulden, “The Dangerous Business of Electronic Espionage”, in Truth is the First Casualty: The Gulf of Tonkin Affair—Illusion and Reality[75], James B. Adler, Inc., sourced from New China News Agency, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 114-115:
- A U.S. military plane intruded over China's territorial waters in the area east of Namoa Island in Kwangtung Province between 0840 and 0846 on 27 February. Between 1117 and 1121 on the same day another U.S. military plane intruded into China's territorial air space over the Yunghsing Island of the Hsish[sic – meaning Hsisha] Islands in Kwangtung Province. A spokesman of the Chinese Foreign Ministry has been authorized in relation to these provocations by the U.S. military planes, to issue the 451st serious warning.
457
edit463
editSeptember 15/16, 1968 [77]
465?
editOctober 30, 1968 [78]
1969
edit466
editJanuary 4, 1969 [79]
Richard Nixon 1969-1974
edit467
editMarch 27, 1969 Jukao Kiangsu, Tankan Kwangtung [80]
468
editMay 11, 1969 Yunghsing Tung Hsisha Kwangtung, Min River Fukien [81]
469
editJune 23, 1969 Chungwu Fukien, Pingtan Fukien [82]
470
editAugust 7, 1969 Swatow Kwangtung, Tungshan Fukien [83]
471
editNovember 4, 1969 Pinghai Kwangtung [84]
- 1969 November 5, “U.S. Naval Intrusion Charged by Peking”, in International Herald Tribune[85], sourced from Reuters, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 7, column 7:
- The New China News Agency reported last night that a U.S. Navy ship intruded into Chinese waters in the area south of Pinghai in Kwangtung for four hours.
"A spokesman of the Chinese Foreign Ministry has been authorized, in relation to this military provocation by the U.S. warship, to issue the 471st serious warning," NCNA said.
1970
edit476
editSeptember 26, 1970 Guangdong Xisha Yongxing 广东省西沙群岛的永兴岛 [86]
477
editNovember 23, 1970 Yunghsing Hsisha Kwangtung
478
editDecember 15, 1970 Yunghsing Hsisha Kwangtung
1971
edit479
editJanuary 7, 1971 云南省勐腊 Yunnan Mengla 广东省西沙群岛的东岛、永兴岛 Guangdong Xisha Dong Yongxing [89]
480
edit1971 Yungshing [90]
481
editFebruary 2, 1971 [91]
482
edit- 1971 February 10 [1971 February 9], “PRC Issues 482d Serious Warning over U.S. Intrusion”, in Daily Report[92], number 28, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Peking NCNA International Service, →OCLC, page A 14[93]:
- A U.S. military plane intruded into China's air space over the area of Tung Island of the Hsisha Islands in Kwangtung Province between 16:00 hours and 16:03 hours on February 9. A spokesman of the Chinese Foreign Ministry has been authorised, in relation to this military provocation by the U.S. military plane, to issue the 482nd serious warning.
483
editFebruary 17, 1971 Tungshan Fukien Tahsingshan Kwangtung
- 1971 February 18, Daily Report[94], Foreign Broadcast Information Service, page A 1:
484
editFebruary 22, 1971 [95]
485
editMarch 6, 1971 Kwangtung Yunnan Kwangsi Chuang [96]
491
editApril 22, 1971 Paracel Islands Kwangtung [97]
492
editMay 22, 1971 [98]
494
editJuly 23, 1971 Yunghsing Tung Kwangtung [99]
496
edit1971 [100]
497
editDecember 24, 1971 Paracels [101] [102] 我提出第四百九十七次严重警告. 杭州: 《浙江日报》. 浙江日报社. 1971年12月25日.
49
edit- 1971 August 6, Robert S. Allen, “U. S. Studying To Ease New Tension With Taiwan”, in The Farmville Herald[103], volume 81, number 92, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1B, columns 4-5:
- The other day, following the latest "U. S. air intrusion," Peking radio announced, "A spokesman of the Chinese Foreign Ministry has been authorized, in relation to the military provocation by U. S. military plane, to issue the 49th serious warning. The plane insolently intruded China's air space over the area of Yunghsing Island and Tung Island in the Kwangtung Province between 13:06 hours and 13:26 hours."
"500"
edit1972
editUnnumbered
edit- 1972 March 24, Huang Hua, quotee, “Memorandum of Conversation, New York, March 24, 1972, 6:05-7:05 p.m.”, in Office of the Historian[105], archived from the original on September 26, 2012, Historical Documents[106]:
- “From 1840 hours on March 18, 1972 to 0935 hours on March 20, 1972, one U.S. warship, the George K. MacKenzie intruded into Chinese territorial waters near Tung Island, 16°, 14', 6” north, 112°, 43', 48” east, off the Hsi Sha Islands, Kwantung[sic – meaning Kwangtung] Province, China.
On March 19, one U.S. military aircraft further intruded into Chinese air space on five successive occasions: 0738 to 0759 hours, 1500 to 1504 hours, 1510 to 1517 hours, 1546 to 1644 hours, and 1743 to 1802 hours.
The Chinese Government has consistently in public warned the United States against intrusion, on whatever grounds, into the territorial air space or waters by U.S. aircraft or warships. Considering the fact that the above intrusion occurred shortly after President Nixon's visit to China, we are raising this matter privately and asking the U.S. side to guard against similar occasions.”
- 2006 [1972 April 3], “Message From the Government of the United States to the Government of the People's Republic of China”, in Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969-1972[107], volume XVII, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 873:
- 1. The U.S. side has made a full investigation of the incidents that the Chinese side brought to its attention on March 24, 1972.²
The U.S. side has verified that the ship and aircraft in question on the dates cited went within twelve nautical miles of the Paracel Islands but at no time moved closer to the Islands than three nautical miles. The ship and aircraft were conducting surveillance on an infiltration trawler engaged in carrying contraband in the vicinity of Lincoln (Tung) Island in the Paracels.
In the interest of U.S.-Chinese relations the U.S. side has issued instructions that henceforth a distance of at least twelve nautical miles should be maintained from the Paracel Islands. This is without prejudice to the U.S. positions either on the territorial sea question or the various claims to the Paracel Islands.
2016
editUnnumbered
edit- 2016 January 30, Jane Perlez, “U.S. Challenges China’s Claim of Islands With Maritime Operation”, in The New York Times[108], →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on January 30, 2016, Asia Pacific[109]:
- The United States vessel, the missile destroyer Curtis Wilbur, entered the waters off Triton Island in the Paracel Islands chain on Saturday without giving China notice in an exercise intended to challenge “excessive maritime claims” by China and two other countries, said Mark Wright, a Pentagon spokesman. Vietnam and Taiwan also claim Triton Island, though the Navy operation appeared to be aimed at China. […]
In a statement on the website of the Chinese Foreign Ministry, Hua Chunying, a ministry spokeswoman, said, “The U.S. warship’s arbitrary entrance of China’s territorial water has violated the relevant Chinese law, and the Chinese side has taken relevant measures in accordance with the law including monitoring and warning.
2017
editUnnumbered
edit- 2017 July 3, Thomas Gibbons-Neff, Simon Denyer, “China accuses U.S. of ‘serious provocation’ as warship sails near disputed island”, in The Washington Post[110], →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on July 03, 2017, World[111]:
- China has accused the United States of staging a “serious political and military provocation” after an American warship sailed near a disputed island in the South China Sea.
The USS Stethem, an American guided-missile destroyer, sailed within 12 nautical miles of Triton Island, a small landmass in the Paracel Islands chain, on Sunday, a U.S. defense official said, marking the second such operation since President Trump took office.