User:Holodwig21/Wiktionary:About Celtiberian

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The Celtiberian language was an Indo-European language that was spoken in the Iberian peninsula, mostly in Spain. bellow should be information (or will be) information about the Celtiberian language, such as Phonetics changes, gramatical information and etc, What is followed by "?" is either unattesed or unknown. This is mostly for prototypical popurse and not a final product, don't relly on this. The language was written mostly with Subject-Object-Verb. In syntax, the genitive and cardinal numbers proceeded their head nouns. Adjectives might have followed a less ridge rule, since adjectives both proceeding and following their head noun have been found. Imperative verbs don't procceed everything in a syntax but come world final

Inflection edit

Noun edit

O-Stem edit

A-Stem edit

R-Stem edit

U-Stem edit

O-N-Stem edit

N-Stem edit

Neuter N-Stem edit

I-Stem edit

I-Ya-Stem edit

Consonant-Stem edit

Adjective edit

I-A adjective edit

This one is rather speculative, other than the Nominative singular, most are unattested but given Proto-Celtic doesn't distinguish between adjective inflection and noun inflection, one can specualte that it was the same case with Celtiberian, but none of this excludes the possibility that it was reworked by Celtiberian speakers to some degree

Phonology edit

Celtiberian experienced several sound changes that distinguished it from Proto-Celtic, here are the following:

Phonological changes from Proto-Celtic edit

  • *φ > ∅, loss of voiceless bilabial fricative, a sound change experience with almost all Celtic languages
  • mn > un, "m" becomes "u" when its preceeded by an "a" or "o"
  • d > z(ð) this only occurs in non-initial positions, perhaps when followed by an "y"
  • d > t(θ) not sure on this one, perhaps when followed by an "y"
  • xs/ks > ss/s
  • gs > s
  • gt > kt > tt/t
  • ē > ei
  • Proto-Celtic ē > ī did not take place with Celtiberian language, therefore where Proto-Celtic displays "ī" Celtiberian has "ei", ex Celtiberian (Teiuo)reikis from Proto-Celtic *rīxs.

Pronouciation edit

Vowels edit

Short vowels a e i o u
Long vowels ā ī ū
Diphthongs au  āu  ai  āi  ei  ou  oi

Note: "ei" may have been pronouced as "ē" and not as a diphthong.

Consonants edit

Labial consonants b m
Dental/alveolar consonants t, θ d, ð s  n  l  r
Palatal consonant y
Velar consonants k g
Labiovelar consonants kʷ  gʷ  w

Note 1: Traditional transliteration use "z" for "ð" and "t" for "θ". Celtiberian didn't use different symbols for "t" and "θ"; I doubt the "d" existed, I found few words with "d"; as of now Celtiberian Dēobriga and Tarvo-duro, but the usage of "d" in the former may be a Latin adaptation of the Celtiberian word given Celtiberian uses -bris not -briga, so perhaps the Celtiberian word is *Zei(u)obris. The latter is perhaps a Celtiberian name written with the Latin script, where "d" and "ð" don't exist as independent letters, possibly *Taruozuros (nominative singular of Tarvo-duro).

Note 2: "u" when it is preceeded by an vowel is the allophone of "w".

Script edit

 
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The Celtiberians used a semi-syllabic script for writting their own language. As of now, I think these scripts aren't encoded in Unicode.

 
Western Celtiberian signary.
 
eastern Celtiberian signary.

More will be added