User:Urszag/Fifth-declension

-ies and -ities:

• -ies after a single syllable: acies, caries, macies, rabies, saties, scabies, series, species (glacies)
• -ities after more than one syllable: amarities, puerities (prefixed: recalvities, immundities)
• -itia after more than one syllable: amicitia, avaritia, inimicitia, pudicitia, pueritia,

Singular forms

Accusative singular: PHI has 6,009 matches in iem#, 2,780 in diem#, 132 in itiem#.

Roby says nearly all words in -ities have collateral forms in -itia, and usually use those for the genitive and dative singular; likewise luxuries, materies, barbaries, intemperies, effigies.

Caesar is said to have viewed diē and speciē as the proper analogical genitive singular forms of diēs and speciēs (though it is doubtful whether he ever used these forms in practice in place of diei and speciei).

PHI search for forms ending in "iei" shows 528 matches, 477 in "diei", 51 remaining. Of these 51, 19 are false positives: 3 #iei#, 8 oiei, 5 aiei, Terentiei, hi Baebiei, ingeniei (= early Latin ingeni)

Of the 32 left, 26 are used:

• 19 in ciei:
  • 7 aciei (Bellum Africum, Caesar...)
  • 5 faciei (2 Pliny, 2 Serenus, 1 Ovid title)
  • 3 perniciei (Nepos, Livy, Gellius)
  • 2 superficiei (1 Pliny, 1 Justinian)
  • 1 speciei (Anonymi de Differentiis [Fronto])
  • 1 maciei (Honoratus)
• 3 in biei: scabiei, rabiei, scabiei (all prose, 2 Columella, 1 Largus)
• 1 pauperiei (Apuleius, Metamorphoses 11.28.15)
• 1 requiei (Zeno of Verona, c. 300 – 371)
• 2 in tiei: planitiei, canitiei (all prose, Pliny). "canitia" also exists but is much less common; "planitia" is less common but non-negligible.

6 mentioned, rather than used:

• 1 in riei: seriei (Fragmenta Bobiensia, De Nomine 541.6)
• 1 speciei (Palaemon)
• 4 faciei
  • 3 Gellius: "Sic enim pleraque aetas veterum declinauit: 'haec facies, huius facies', quod nunc propter rationem grammaticam 'faciei' dicitur."
  • 1 Pomponius Porphyrio ("Classis Achillei. 'Achillei' et 'Vlixei' ueteres dixerunt, ad similitudinem fortassis 'diei' et 'faciei'.)

PedeCerto: 69 hexameters or pentameters, 68 contain diei, 1 contains pĕtĭéi (not relevant).

Without preceding -i-: res, fides, spes; also plebes? fames?

Plebes/plebs

plebei does occur, but how is is pronounced? (Poetry seems to have the genitive singular of plebeius, not of plebes.)

Is the singular used with a plural verb? Yes per some grammars, negative per this thread. I can't find example of plēbs used with plural verb.

Citations of plēbēs as a singular or plural form (see TLL):

Accusative plural:

• Apuleius Madaurensis, De Platone et Eius Dogmate 2.24, (manuscripts read "ad eundum", which some other editors amend to [adunent dum]):

  quare suadendum est fundatoribus rerum publicarum, ut usque ad id locorum plebes suas [augeant, dum] rectori omnes noti esse possunt nec sibimet incogniti

  For which reason founders of commonwealths should be advised to increase the peoples of the regions up to the point where all can be known to the ruler and not unknown to themselves

Usage notes

The ablative singular plēbe normally scans with short e.

https://books.google.com/books?id=cReNNvzsjK0C&pg=PA701&dq=%22alveorum+plebes%22%C2%A0&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwius_fJo7mIAxWpMjQIHcmSAbcQ6AF6BAgMEAI#v=onepage&q=%22alveorum%20plebes%22%C2%A0&f=false

The genitive plural plebium occurs in Prudentius (Scribas et ipsoset coronam plebium) (c. 348-413).

Pural forms

Fifth-declension nouns in Latin often lack attested genitive forms in -erum or ablative/dative forms in -ebus. I found an attested plural form in -erum and/or -ebus for:

• durities, eluvies, ingluvies, mollities

not found: amaritierum

To add: pernicies

• https://www.google.com/books/edition/De_constantia_in_abdicatione_magistratus/FsyhSVn8JrYC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22pernicierum%22&pg=PA419&printsec=frontcover
• https://www.google.com/books/edition/Maxima_bibliotheca_veterum_patrum_et_ant/QpnWPu9e68UC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22perniciebus%22&pg=PA1168&printsec=frontcover
• https://www.google.com/books/edition/Summa_theologica_scholastica_et_moralis/RjpBAAAAcAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22perniciebus%22&pg=PA242&printsec=frontcover
• https://www.google.com/books/edition/Monumenta_Franciscana/mklgfIm0FjAC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22pernicierum%22&pg=PA362&printsec=frontcover

Attested, but not sure what citation to use:

• acies

No entries yet: adluvies, alluvies, conluvies, pigrities, prosicies, albuties, prosapies, copies, precaries, intergeries, asperies, pullities, lenities, magnities, imbalnities, induvies

• • GBooks no: adluviebus, conluviebus, pigritiebus, prosiciebus, albutiebus, prosapiebus, intergeriebus, asperiebus, pullitiebus, lenitiebus, magnitiebus, imbalnitiebus, induviebus
    • Nor: adluvierum, conluvierum, pigritierum, prosicierum, albutierum, prosapierum, intergerierum, asperierum, pullitierum, lenitierum, magnitierum, imbalnitierum, induvierum
  • GBooks yes: alluviebus, colluviebus (copiebus?), precariebus,
• L&S: lenities, imperfundies, intergeries, interluvies, magnities/magnicies, prosicies, pullities, saevities, sordities, tardities, vanities
• factispecies
• suberies, indigeries, maneries,

• plenities? impluvies?

Should -(it)ies abstract nouns with a synonymous form in -(it)ia be categorized as alternative forms or as synonyms?

Words (or pairs of words) with both -ies and -ia forms:

• ascitities, ascititia
• avarities, avaritia
• blandities, blanditia
• canities, canitia
• durities, duritia
• luxuries, luxuria
• maceries, maceria
• materies, materia
• mollities, mollitia
• mundities, munditia
• nigrities, nigritia
• planities, planitia
• puerities, pueritia

Newly entered, rare: barbaries, immundities, segnities, spurcities, tristities

• [1], [2]
• [3]