akkosati

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative forms

• 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁄𑀲𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• अक्कोसति (Devanagari script)
• অক্কোসতি (Bengali script)
• අක‍්කොසති (Sinhalese script)
• အက္ကောသတိ or ဢၵ္ၵေႃသတိ or ဢၵ်ၵေႃသတိ (Burmese script)
• อกฺโกสติ or อักโกสะติ (Thai script)
• ᩋᨠ᩠ᨠᩮᩣᩈᨲᩥ (Tai Tham script)
• ອກ຺ໂກສຕິ or ອັກໂກສະຕິ (Lao script)
• អក្កោសតិ (Khmer script)
• 𑄃𑄇𑄴𑄇𑄮𑄥𑄖𑄨 (Chakma script)

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit आक्रोशति (ākrośati). By surface analysis, ā- +‎ kus (root)

The consonants of the aorist in -cch- go back to Sanskrit अक्रुक्षत् (akrukṣat) for the simplex.

Verb

akkosati (root kus, first conjugation)

1. to scold, to abuse
   • c. 50 BC, Anguttara Nikaya: Book of Fours, Mahā Vagga; republished as Richard Morris, editor, Aṅguttara-Nikāya: Part II: Catukka Nipāta‎^[1], London: Pali Text Society, 1888, page 215:

     Idha bhikkhave bhikkhu akkosantaṃ paccakkosati, rosantaṃ paṭirosati, bhaṇḍantaṃ paṭibhaṇḍati.

     Mendicants, it’s when someone abuses, annoys, or argues with a mendicant, and the mendicant abuses, annoys, or argues back at them.

   • c. 50 BC, The Buddha, Dhammapada(pāḷi), Yamakavagga, page 26; republished in The Eighteenth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Khuddaka-Nikāya‎^[2], Colombo, 2009:

     3. අක‍්කොච‍්ඡි මං අවධි මං අජිනි මං අහාසි මෙ
     යෙ තං උපනය‍්හන‍්ති වෙරං තෙසං න සම‍්මති

     3. akkocchi maṃ avadhi maṃ ajini maṃ ahāsi me
     ye taṃ upanayhanti veraṃ tesaṃ na sammati

     He abused me, he struck me, he defeated me, he robbed me.
     Hatred does not subside for those who nurse grudges thus.

     (Wiktionary translation adapted from translation of the Pali by Ajahn Sujato.)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "akkosati"

	Singular	Plural
Present
1st	akkosāmi	akkosāma
2nd	akkosasi	akkosatha
3rd	akkosati	akkosanti
Imperative
1st	akkosāmi	akkosāma
2nd	akkosa or akkosāhi	akkosatha
3rd	akkosatu	akkosantu
Optative
1st	akkoseyyāmi or akkoseyyaṃ or akkose	akkoseyyāma
2nd	akkoseyyāsi or akkose	akkoseyyātha
3rd	akkoseyya or akkose	akkoseyyuṃ
Aorist
1st	akkocchiṃ	akkocchimha
2nd	akkocchi	akkocchittha
3rd	akkocchi	akkocchiṃsu

• Present active participle: akkosant, which see for forms and usage
• Present middle participle: akkosamāna, which see for forms and usage

Derived terms

• paccakkosati

Adjective

akkosati

1. masculine/neuter locative singular of akkosant, present participle of the verb above