Old Irish

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Etymology

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an- (un-) +‎ dag (good), from Proto-Celtic *dagos (good). Cognate with early Proto-Brythonic andagin (accusative singular feminine) (later *andaɣ), found in the Bath curse tablets.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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andach n (genitive andaig, nominative plural andach)

  1. wickedness, iniquity
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 134d3
      Ɔ·riris-siu .i. ar·troídfe{a}-siu inna droch daíni, a Dǽ, dia n‑anduch, air is fechtnach a n‑andach mani erthroítar húa Día.
      You will bind, i.e. you will restrain the evil people, O God, from their iniquity, for their iniquity is prosperous if they are not restrained by God.

Declension

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Neuter o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative andachN andachN andachL, andga
Vocative andachN andachN andachL, andga
Accusative andachN andachN andachL, andga
Genitive andaigL andach andachN
Dative anduchL andgaib andgaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

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  • Middle Irish: annach

Mutation

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Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
andach
(pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)
unchanged n-andach
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

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