Tone L
|
Infinitive
|
ukubingelela
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukubingelela
|
ukungabingeleli
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
bingelela
|
-bingelele
|
Plural
|
bingelelani
|
-bingeleleni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyabingelela, ngibingelela
|
engibingelelayo, engibingelela
|
ngibingelela
|
angibingeleli
|
engingabingeleli
|
ngingabingeleli
|
2nd singular
|
uyabingelela, ubingelela
|
obingelelayo, obingelela
|
ubingelela
|
awubingeleli
|
ongabingeleli
|
ungabingeleli
|
1st plural
|
siyabingelela, sibingelela
|
esibingelelayo, esibingelela
|
sibingelela
|
asibingeleli
|
esingabingeleli
|
singabingeleli
|
2nd plural
|
niyabingelela, nibingelela
|
enibingelelayo, enibingelela
|
nibingelela
|
anibingeleli
|
eningabingeleli
|
ningabingeleli
|
Class 1
|
uyabingelela, ubingelela
|
obingelelayo, obingelela
|
ebingelela
|
akabingeleli
|
ongabingeleli
|
engabingeleli
|
Class 2
|
bayabingelela, babingelela
|
ababingelelayo, ababingelela
|
bebingelela
|
ababingeleli
|
abangabingeleli
|
bengabingeleli
|
Class 3
|
uyabingelela, ubingelela
|
obingelelayo, obingelela
|
ubingelela
|
awubingeleli
|
ongabingeleli
|
ungabingeleli
|
Class 4
|
iyabingelela, ibingelela
|
ebingelelayo, ebingelela
|
ibingelela
|
ayibingeleli
|
engabingeleli
|
ingabingeleli
|
Class 5
|
liyabingelela, libingelela
|
elibingelelayo, elibingelela
|
libingelela
|
alibingeleli
|
elingabingeleli
|
lingabingeleli
|
Class 6
|
ayabingelela, abingelela
|
abingelelayo, abingelela
|
ebingelela
|
awabingeleli
|
angabingeleli
|
engabingeleli
|
Class 7
|
siyabingelela, sibingelela
|
esibingelelayo, esibingelela
|
sibingelela
|
asibingeleli
|
esingabingeleli
|
singabingeleli
|
Class 8
|
ziyabingelela, zibingelela
|
ezibingelelayo, ezibingelela
|
zibingelela
|
azibingeleli
|
ezingabingeleli
|
zingabingeleli
|
Class 9
|
iyabingelela, ibingelela
|
ebingelelayo, ebingelela
|
ibingelela
|
ayibingeleli
|
engabingeleli
|
ingabingeleli
|
Class 10
|
ziyabingelela, zibingelela
|
ezibingelelayo, ezibingelela
|
zibingelela
|
azibingeleli
|
ezingabingeleli
|
zingabingeleli
|
Class 11
|
luyabingelela, lubingelela
|
olubingelelayo, olubingelela
|
lubingelela
|
alubingeleli
|
olungabingeleli
|
lungabingeleli
|
Class 14
|
buyabingelela, bubingelela
|
obubingelelayo, obubingelela
|
bubingelela
|
abubingeleli
|
obungabingeleli
|
bungabingeleli
|
Class 15
|
kuyabingelela, kubingelela
|
okubingelelayo, okubingelela
|
kubingelela
|
akubingeleli
|
okungabingeleli
|
kungabingeleli
|
Class 17
|
kuyabingelela, kubingelela
|
okubingelelayo, okubingelela
|
kubingelela
|
akubingeleli
|
okungabingeleli
|
kungabingeleli
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngibingelelile, ngibingelelē
|
engibingelelile, engibingelelē
|
ngibingelelile, ngibingelelē
|
angibingelelanga
|
engingabingelelanga
|
ngingabingelelanga
|
2nd singular
|
ubingelelile, ubingelelē
|
obingelelile, obingelelē
|
ubingelelile, ubingelelē
|
awubingelelanga
|
ongabingelelanga
|
ungabingelelanga
|
1st plural
|
sibingelelile, sibingelelē
|
esibingelelile, esibingelelē
|
sibingelelile, sibingelelē
|
asibingelelanga
|
esingabingelelanga
|
singabingelelanga
|
2nd plural
|
nibingelelile, nibingelelē
|
enibingelelile, enibingelelē
|
nibingelelile, nibingelelē
|
anibingelelanga
|
eningabingelelanga
|
ningabingelelanga
|
Class 1
|
ubingelelile, ubingelelē
|
obingelelile, obingelelē
|
ebingelelile, ebingelelē
|
akabingelelanga
|
ongabingelelanga
|
engabingelelanga
|
Class 2
|
babingelelile, babingelelē
|
ababingelelile, ababingelelē
|
bebingelelile, bebingelelē
|
ababingelelanga
|
abangabingelelanga
|
bengabingelelanga
|
Class 3
|
ubingelelile, ubingelelē
|
obingelelile, obingelelē
|
ubingelelile, ubingelelē
|
awubingelelanga
|
ongabingelelanga
|
ungabingelelanga
|
Class 4
|
ibingelelile, ibingelelē
|
ebingelelile, ebingelelē
|
ibingelelile, ibingelelē
|
ayibingelelanga
|
engabingelelanga
|
ingabingelelanga
|
Class 5
|
libingelelile, libingelelē
|
elibingelelile, elibingelelē
|
libingelelile, libingelelē
|
alibingelelanga
|
elingabingelelanga
|
lingabingelelanga
|
Class 6
|
abingelelile, abingelelē
|
abingelelile, abingelelē
|
ebingelelile, ebingelelē
|
awabingelelanga
|
angabingelelanga
|
engabingelelanga
|
Class 7
|
sibingelelile, sibingelelē
|
esibingelelile, esibingelelē
|
sibingelelile, sibingelelē
|
asibingelelanga
|
esingabingelelanga
|
singabingelelanga
|
Class 8
|
zibingelelile, zibingelelē
|
ezibingelelile, ezibingelelē
|
zibingelelile, zibingelelē
|
azibingelelanga
|
ezingabingelelanga
|
zingabingelelanga
|
Class 9
|
ibingelelile, ibingelelē
|
ebingelelile, ebingelelē
|
ibingelelile, ibingelelē
|
ayibingelelanga
|
engabingelelanga
|
ingabingelelanga
|
Class 10
|
zibingelelile, zibingelelē
|
ezibingelelile, ezibingelelē
|
zibingelelile, zibingelelē
|
azibingelelanga
|
ezingabingelelanga
|
zingabingelelanga
|
Class 11
|
lubingelelile, lubingelelē
|
olubingelelile, olubingelelē
|
lubingelelile, lubingelelē
|
alubingelelanga
|
olungabingelelanga
|
lungabingelelanga
|
Class 14
|
bubingelelile, bubingelelē
|
obubingelelile, obubingelelē
|
bubingelelile, bubingelelē
|
abubingelelanga
|
obungabingelelanga
|
bungabingelelanga
|
Class 15
|
kubingelelile, kubingelelē
|
okubingelelile, okubingelelē
|
kubingelelile, kubingelelē
|
akubingelelanga
|
okungabingelelanga
|
kungabingelelanga
|
Class 17
|
kubingelelile, kubingelelē
|
okubingelelile, okubingelelē
|
kubingelelile, kubingelelē
|
akubingelelanga
|
okungabingelelanga
|
kungabingelelanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngābingelela
|
engābingelela
|
ngābingelela
|
angibingelelanga
|
engingabingelelanga
|
ngingabingelelanga
|
2nd singular
|
wābingelela
|
owābingelela
|
wābingelela
|
awubingelelanga
|
ongabingelelanga
|
ungabingelelanga
|
1st plural
|
sābingelela
|
esābingelela
|
sābingelela
|
asibingelelanga
|
esingabingelelanga
|
singabingelelanga
|
2nd plural
|
nābingelela
|
enābingelela
|
nābingelela
|
anibingelelanga
|
eningabingelelanga
|
ningabingelelanga
|
Class 1
|
wābingelela
|
owābingelela
|
ābingelela
|
akabingelelanga
|
ongabingelelanga
|
engabingelelanga
|
Class 2
|
bābingelela
|
abābingelela
|
bābingelela
|
ababingelelanga
|
abangabingelelanga
|
bengabingelelanga
|
Class 3
|
wābingelela
|
owābingelela
|
wābingelela
|
awubingelelanga
|
ongabingelelanga
|
ungabingelelanga
|
Class 4
|
yābingelela
|
eyābingelela
|
yābingelela
|
ayibingelelanga
|
engabingelelanga
|
ingabingelelanga
|
Class 5
|
lābingelela
|
elābingelela
|
lābingelela
|
alibingelelanga
|
elingabingelelanga
|
lingabingelelanga
|
Class 6
|
ābingelela
|
ābingelela
|
ābingelela
|
awabingelelanga
|
angabingelelanga
|
engabingelelanga
|
Class 7
|
sābingelela
|
esābingelela
|
sābingelela
|
asibingelelanga
|
esingabingelelanga
|
singabingelelanga
|
Class 8
|
zābingelela
|
ezābingelela
|
zābingelela
|
azibingelelanga
|
ezingabingelelanga
|
zingabingelelanga
|
Class 9
|
yābingelela
|
eyābingelela
|
yābingelela
|
ayibingelelanga
|
engabingelelanga
|
ingabingelelanga
|
Class 10
|
zābingelela
|
ezābingelela
|
zābingelela
|
azibingelelanga
|
ezingabingelelanga
|
zingabingelelanga
|
Class 11
|
lwābingelela
|
olwābingelela
|
lwābingelela
|
alubingelelanga
|
olungabingelelanga
|
lungabingelelanga
|
Class 14
|
bābingelela
|
obābingelela
|
bābingelela
|
abubingelelanga
|
obungabingelelanga
|
bungabingelelanga
|
Class 15
|
kwābingelela
|
okwābingelela
|
kwābingelela
|
akubingelelanga
|
okungabingelelanga
|
kungabingelelanga
|
Class 17
|
kwābingelela
|
okwābingelela
|
kwābingelela
|
akubingelelanga
|
okungabingelelanga
|
kungabingelelanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingabingelela
|
—
|
ngingabingelela
|
ngingebingelele
|
—
|
ngingebingelele
|
2nd singular
|
ungabingelela
|
—
|
ungabingelela
|
ungebingelele
|
—
|
ungebingelele
|
1st plural
|
singabingelela
|
—
|
singabingelela
|
singebingelele
|
—
|
singebingelele
|
2nd plural
|
ningabingelela
|
—
|
ningabingelela
|
ningebingelele
|
—
|
ningebingelele
|
Class 1
|
angabingelela
|
—
|
engabingelela
|
angebingelele
|
—
|
engebingelele
|
Class 2
|
bangabingelela
|
—
|
bengabingelela
|
bangebingelele
|
—
|
bengebingelele
|
Class 3
|
ungabingelela
|
—
|
ungabingelela
|
ungebingelele
|
—
|
ungebingelele
|
Class 4
|
ingabingelela
|
—
|
ingabingelela
|
ingebingelele
|
—
|
ingebingelele
|
Class 5
|
lingabingelela
|
—
|
lingabingelela
|
lingebingelele
|
—
|
lingebingelele
|
Class 6
|
angabingelela
|
—
|
engabingelela
|
angebingelele
|
—
|
engebingelele
|
Class 7
|
singabingelela
|
—
|
singabingelela
|
singebingelele
|
—
|
singebingelele
|
Class 8
|
zingabingelela
|
—
|
zingabingelela
|
zingebingelele
|
—
|
zingebingelele
|
Class 9
|
ingabingelela
|
—
|
ingabingelela
|
ingebingelele
|
—
|
ingebingelele
|
Class 10
|
zingabingelela
|
—
|
zingabingelela
|
zingebingelele
|
—
|
zingebingelele
|
Class 11
|
lungabingelela
|
—
|
lungabingelela
|
lungebingelele
|
—
|
lungebingelele
|
Class 14
|
bungabingelela
|
—
|
bungabingelela
|
bungebingelele
|
—
|
bungebingelele
|
Class 15
|
kungabingelela
|
—
|
kungabingelela
|
kungebingelele
|
—
|
kungebingelele
|
Class 17
|
kungabingelela
|
—
|
kungabingelela
|
kungebingelele
|
—
|
kungebingelele
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizobingelela
|
engizobingelela
|
ngizobingelela
|
angizubingelela
|
engingezubingelela
|
ngingezubingelela
|
2nd singular
|
uzobingelela
|
ozobingelela
|
uzobingelela
|
awuzubingelela
|
ongezubingelela
|
ungezubingelela
|
1st plural
|
sizobingelela
|
esizobingelela
|
sizobingelela
|
asizubingelela
|
esingezubingelela
|
singezubingelela
|
2nd plural
|
nizobingelela
|
enizobingelela
|
nizobingelela
|
anizubingelela
|
eningezubingelela
|
ningezubingelela
|
Class 1
|
uzobingelela
|
ozobingelela
|
ezobingelela
|
akazubingelela
|
ongezubingelela
|
engezubingelela
|
Class 2
|
bazobingelela
|
abazobingelela
|
bezobingelela
|
abazubingelela
|
abangezubingelela
|
bengezubingelela
|
Class 3
|
uzobingelela
|
ozobingelela
|
uzobingelela
|
awuzubingelela
|
ongezubingelela
|
ungezubingelela
|
Class 4
|
izobingelela
|
ezobingelela
|
izobingelela
|
ayizubingelela
|
engezubingelela
|
ingezubingelela
|
Class 5
|
lizobingelela
|
elizobingelela
|
lizobingelela
|
alizubingelela
|
elingezubingelela
|
lingezubingelela
|
Class 6
|
azobingelela
|
azobingelela
|
ezobingelela
|
awazubingelela
|
angezubingelela
|
engezubingelela
|
Class 7
|
sizobingelela
|
esizobingelela
|
sizobingelela
|
asizubingelela
|
esingezubingelela
|
singezubingelela
|
Class 8
|
zizobingelela
|
ezizobingelela
|
zizobingelela
|
azizubingelela
|
ezingezubingelela
|
zingezubingelela
|
Class 9
|
izobingelela
|
ezobingelela
|
izobingelela
|
ayizubingelela
|
engezubingelela
|
ingezubingelela
|
Class 10
|
zizobingelela
|
ezizobingelela
|
zizobingelela
|
azizubingelela
|
ezingezubingelela
|
zingezubingelela
|
Class 11
|
luzobingelela
|
oluzobingelela
|
luzobingelela
|
aluzubingelela
|
olungezubingelela
|
lungezubingelela
|
Class 14
|
buzobingelela
|
obuzobingelela
|
buzobingelela
|
abuzubingelela
|
obungezubingelela
|
bungezubingelela
|
Class 15
|
kuzobingelela
|
okuzobingelela
|
kuzobingelela
|
akuzubingelela
|
okungezubingelela
|
kungezubingelela
|
Class 17
|
kuzobingelela
|
okuzobingelela
|
kuzobingelela
|
akuzubingelela
|
okungezubingelela
|
kungezubingelela
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyobingelela
|
engiyobingelela
|
ngiyobingelela
|
angiyubingelela
|
engingeyubingelela
|
ngingeyubingelela
|
2nd singular
|
uyobingelela
|
oyobingelela
|
uyobingelela
|
awuyubingelela
|
ongeyubingelela
|
ungeyubingelela
|
1st plural
|
siyobingelela
|
esiyobingelela
|
siyobingelela
|
asiyubingelela
|
esingeyubingelela
|
singeyubingelela
|
2nd plural
|
niyobingelela
|
eniyobingelela
|
niyobingelela
|
aniyubingelela
|
eningeyubingelela
|
ningeyubingelela
|
Class 1
|
uyobingelela
|
oyobingelela
|
eyobingelela
|
akayubingelela
|
ongeyubingelela
|
engeyubingelela
|
Class 2
|
bayobingelela
|
abayobingelela
|
beyobingelela
|
abayubingelela
|
abangeyubingelela
|
bengeyubingelela
|
Class 3
|
uyobingelela
|
oyobingelela
|
uyobingelela
|
awuyubingelela
|
ongeyubingelela
|
ungeyubingelela
|
Class 4
|
iyobingelela
|
eyobingelela
|
iyobingelela
|
ayiyubingelela
|
engeyubingelela
|
ingeyubingelela
|
Class 5
|
liyobingelela
|
eliyobingelela
|
liyobingelela
|
aliyubingelela
|
elingeyubingelela
|
lingeyubingelela
|
Class 6
|
ayobingelela
|
ayobingelela
|
eyobingelela
|
awayubingelela
|
angeyubingelela
|
engeyubingelela
|
Class 7
|
siyobingelela
|
esiyobingelela
|
siyobingelela
|
asiyubingelela
|
esingeyubingelela
|
singeyubingelela
|
Class 8
|
ziyobingelela
|
eziyobingelela
|
ziyobingelela
|
aziyubingelela
|
ezingeyubingelela
|
zingeyubingelela
|
Class 9
|
iyobingelela
|
eyobingelela
|
iyobingelela
|
ayiyubingelela
|
engeyubingelela
|
ingeyubingelela
|
Class 10
|
ziyobingelela
|
eziyobingelela
|
ziyobingelela
|
aziyubingelela
|
ezingeyubingelela
|
zingeyubingelela
|
Class 11
|
luyobingelela
|
oluyobingelela
|
luyobingelela
|
aluyubingelela
|
olungeyubingelela
|
lungeyubingelela
|
Class 14
|
buyobingelela
|
obuyobingelela
|
buyobingelela
|
abuyubingelela
|
obungeyubingelela
|
bungeyubingelela
|
Class 15
|
kuyobingelela
|
okuyobingelela
|
kuyobingelela
|
akuyubingelela
|
okungeyubingelela
|
kungeyubingelela
|
Class 17
|
kuyobingelela
|
okuyobingelela
|
kuyobingelela
|
akuyubingelela
|
okungeyubingelela
|
kungeyubingelela
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngibingelele
|
ngingabingeleli
|
2nd singular
|
ubingelele
|
ungabingeleli
|
1st plural
|
sibingelele
|
singabingeleli
|
2nd plural
|
nibingelele
|
ningabingeleli
|
Class 1
|
abingelele
|
angabingeleli
|
Class 2
|
babingelele
|
bangabingeleli
|
Class 3
|
ubingelele
|
ungabingeleli
|
Class 4
|
ibingelele
|
ingabingeleli
|
Class 5
|
libingelele
|
lingabingeleli
|
Class 6
|
abingelele
|
angabingeleli
|
Class 7
|
sibingelele
|
singabingeleli
|
Class 8
|
zibingelele
|
zingabingeleli
|
Class 9
|
ibingelele
|
ingabingeleli
|
Class 10
|
zibingelele
|
zingabingeleli
|
Class 11
|
lubingelele
|
lungabingeleli
|
Class 14
|
bubingelele
|
bungabingeleli
|
Class 15
|
kubingelele
|
kungabingeleli
|
Class 17
|
kubingelele
|
kungabingeleli
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngabingelela
|
ngangabingelela, angabingelela, angangabingelela
|
2nd singular
|
wabingelela
|
wangabingelela, awabingelela, awangabingelela
|
1st plural
|
sabingelela
|
sangabingelela, asabingelela, asangabingelela
|
2nd plural
|
nabingelela
|
nangabingelela, anabingelela, anangabingelela
|
Class 1
|
wabingelela
|
wangabingelela, akabingelela, akangabingelela
|
Class 2
|
babingelela
|
bangabingelela, ababingelela, abangabingelela
|
Class 3
|
wabingelela
|
wangabingelela, awabingelela, awangabingelela
|
Class 4
|
yabingelela
|
yangabingelela, ayabingelela, ayangabingelela
|
Class 5
|
labingelela
|
langabingelela, alabingelela, alangabingelela
|
Class 6
|
abingelela
|
angabingelela, awabingelela, awangabingelela
|
Class 7
|
sabingelela
|
sangabingelela, asabingelela, asangabingelela
|
Class 8
|
zabingelela
|
zangabingelela, azabingelela, azangabingelela
|
Class 9
|
yabingelela
|
yangabingelela, ayabingelela, ayangabingelela
|
Class 10
|
zabingelela
|
zangabingelela, azabingelela, azangabingelela
|
Class 11
|
lwabingelela
|
lwangabingelela, alwabingelela, alwangabingelela
|
Class 14
|
babingelela
|
bangabingelela, ababingelela, abangabingelela
|
Class 15
|
kwabingelela
|
kwangabingelela, akwabingelela, akwangabingelela
|
Class 17
|
kwabingelela
|
kwangabingelela, akwabingelela, akwangabingelela
|