cailler
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old French quailler, coaillier, from Vulgar Latin *coaglāre/ *quaglāre, from syncopation of Latin coāgulāre. Doublet of coaguler, which was borrowed.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
cailler
- to curdle, clot
- (slang, impersonal) to be very cold, to be brass monkeys
- Ça caille ici ! ― It's bloody freezing here!
- (slang, intransitive) to be very cold, to freeze
- Il fait combien ici ? Je caille.
- What's the temperature? I'm freezing.
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of cailler (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | cailler | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | caillant /ka.jɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | caillé /ka.je/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | caille /kaj/ |
cailles /kaj/ |
caille /kaj/ |
caillons /ka.jɔ̃/ |
caillez /ka.je/ |
caillent /kaj/ |
| imperfect | caillais /ka.jɛ/ |
caillais /ka.jɛ/ |
caillait /ka.jɛ/ |
caillions /kaj.jɔ̃/ |
cailliez /kaj.je/ |
caillaient /ka.jɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | caillai /ka.je/ |
caillas /ka.ja/ |
cailla /ka.ja/ |
caillâmes /ka.jam/ |
caillâtes /ka.jat/ |
caillèrent /ka.jɛʁ/ | |
| future | caillerai /kaj.ʁe/ |
cailleras /kaj.ʁa/ |
caillera /kaj.ʁa/ |
caillerons /kaj.ʁɔ̃/ |
caillerez /kaj.ʁe/ |
cailleront /kaj.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | caillerais /kaj.ʁɛ/ |
caillerais /kaj.ʁɛ/ |
caillerait /kaj.ʁɛ/ |
caillerions /ka.jə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
cailleriez /ka.jə.ʁje/ |
cailleraient /kaj.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | caille /kaj/ |
cailles /kaj/ |
caille /kaj/ |
caillions /kaj.jɔ̃/ |
cailliez /kaj.je/ |
caillent /kaj/ |
| imperfect2 | caillasse /ka.jas/ |
caillasses /ka.jas/ |
caillât /ka.ja/ |
caillassions /ka.ja.sjɔ̃/ |
caillassiez /ka.ja.sje/ |
caillassent /ka.jas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | caille /kaj/ |
— | caillons /ka.jɔ̃/ |
caillez /ka.je/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Alemannic German: kale
Further reading edit
- “cailler”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.