cramer

See also: Cramer

French

FWOTD – 13 June 2024

Etymology

Borrowed from Occitan cramar, cremar, from Latin cremāre. Doublet of crémer.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʁa.me/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

cramer

1. (transitive, intransitive) to burn
2. (slang) to smoke (a cigarette)
3. (slang) to have one's identity found out or discovered
   • J’ai trop peur qu’il pense que je suis cramé ou, pire, que pour sauver ma peau, ils m’ont retourné et que je suis devenu un agent double.

     I am very afraid that he thought I had been found out, or worse, that to save my skin, they had sent me back and I had become a double agent.

     (Djahanshah Bakhtiar, Moi Iranien espion de la CIA et du Mossad, Éditions du moment, 2014, chapter 10.)

Conjugation

Conjugation of cramer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	cramer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	cramant /kʁa.mɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		cramé /kʁa.me/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	crame /kʁam/	crames /kʁam/	crame /kʁam/	cramons /kʁa.mɔ̃/	cramez /kʁa.me/	crament /kʁam/
	imperfect	cramais /kʁa.mɛ/	cramais /kʁa.mɛ/	cramait /kʁa.mɛ/	cramions /kʁa.mjɔ̃/	cramiez /kʁa.mje/	cramaient /kʁa.mɛ/
	past historic2	cramai /kʁa.me/	cramas /kʁa.ma/	crama /kʁa.ma/	cramâmes /kʁa.mam/	cramâtes /kʁa.mat/	cramèrent /kʁa.mɛʁ/
	future	cramerai /kʁam.ʁe/	crameras /kʁam.ʁa/	cramera /kʁam.ʁa/	cramerons /kʁam.ʁɔ̃/	cramerez /kʁam.ʁe/	crameront /kʁam.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	cramerais /kʁam.ʁɛ/	cramerais /kʁam.ʁɛ/	cramerait /kʁam.ʁɛ/	cramerions /kʁa.mə.ʁjɔ̃/	crameriez /kʁa.mə.ʁje/	crameraient /kʁam.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	crame /kʁam/	crames /kʁam/	crame /kʁam/	cramions /kʁa.mjɔ̃/	cramiez /kʁa.mje/	crament /kʁam/
	imperfect2	cramasse /kʁa.mas/	cramasses /kʁa.mas/	cramât /kʁa.ma/	cramassions /kʁa.ma.sjɔ̃/	cramassiez /kʁa.ma.sje/	cramassent /kʁa.mas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	crame /kʁam/	—	cramons /kʁa.mɔ̃/	cramez /kʁa.me/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

• “cramer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.