csiripel
Hungarian
editEtymology
editAn onomatopoeia from the same stem as csirke (“chicken”) + -el (frequentative verb-forming suffix).[1]
Pronunciation
editVerb
editcsiripel
- (intransitive, of small birds) to chirp (to make a short, sharp, cheerful note)
- Synonym: csivitel
- (intransitive, figuratively, colloquial, of a young child) to chirp, chatter (to speak continuously in a lively fashion but without serious content)
- (transitive, of a person) to chirp (to utter something in such a voice)
Conjugation
editconjugation of csiripel
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | csiripelek | csiripelsz | csiripel | csiripelünk | csiripeltek | csiripelnek | |
Def. | csiripelem | csiripeled | csiripeli | csiripeljük | csiripelitek | csiripelik | |||
2nd-p. o. | csiripellek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | csiripeltem | csiripeltél | csiripelt | csiripeltünk | csiripeltetek | csiripeltek | ||
Def. | csiripeltem | csiripelted | csiripelte | csiripeltük | csiripeltétek | csiripelték | |||
2nd-p. o. | csiripeltelek | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. csiripelni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | csiripelék | csiripelél | csiripele | csiripelénk | csiripelétek | csiripelének | ||
Def. | csiripelém | csiripeléd | csiripelé | csiripelénk | csiripelétek | csiripelék | |||
2nd-p. o. | csiripelélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. csiripel vala, csiripelt vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | csiripelendek | csiripelendesz | csiripelend | csiripelendünk | csiripelendetek | csiripelendenek | ||
Def. | csiripelendem | csiripelended | csiripelendi | csiripelendjük | csiripelenditek | csiripelendik | |||
2nd-p. o. | csiripelendelek | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | csiripelnék | csiripelnél | csiripelne | csiripelnénk | csiripelnétek | csiripelnének | |
Def. | csiripelném | csiripelnéd | csiripelné | csiripelnénk (or csiripelnők) |
csiripelnétek | csiripelnék | |||
2nd-p. o. | csiripelnélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. csiripelt volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | csiripeljek | csiripelj or csiripeljél |
csiripeljen | csiripeljünk | csiripeljetek | csiripeljenek | |
Def. | csiripeljem | csiripeld or csiripeljed |
csiripelje | csiripeljük | csiripeljétek | csiripeljék | |||
2nd-p. o. | csiripeljelek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. csiripelt légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | csiripelni | csiripelnem | csiripelned | csiripelnie | csiripelnünk | csiripelnetek | csiripelniük | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
csiripelés | csiripelő | csiripelt | csiripelendő | csiripelve (csiripelvén) | csiripeltet | ||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
potential conjugation of csiripel
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | csiripelhetek | csiripelhetsz | csiripelhet | csiripelhetünk | csiripelhettek | csiripelhetnek | |
Def. | csiripelhetem | csiripelheted | csiripelheti | csiripelhetjük | csiripelhetitek | csiripelhetik | |||
2nd-p. o. | csiripelhetlek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | csiripelhettem | csiripelhettél | csiripelhetett | csiripelhettünk | csiripelhettetek | csiripelhettek | ||
Def. | csiripelhettem | csiripelhetted | csiripelhette | csiripelhettük | csiripelhettétek | csiripelhették | |||
2nd-p. o. | csiripelhettelek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | csiripelheték | csiripelhetél | csiripelhete | csiripelheténk | csiripelhetétek | csiripelhetének | ||
Def. | csiripelhetém | csiripelhetéd | csiripelheté | csiripelheténk | csiripelhetétek | csiripelheték | |||
2nd-p. o. | csiripelhetélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. csiripelhet vala, csiripelhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | csiripelhetendek or csiripelandhatok |
csiripelhetendesz or csiripelandhatsz |
csiripelhetend or csiripelandhat |
csiripelhetendünk or csiripelandhatunk |
csiripelhetendetek or csiripelandhattok |
csiripelhetendenek or csiripelandhatnak | ||
Def. | csiripelhetendem or csiripelandhatom |
csiripelhetended or csiripelandhatod |
csiripelhetendi or csiripelandhatja |
csiripelhetendjük or csiripelandhatjuk |
csiripelhetenditek or csiripelandhatjátok |
csiripelhetendik or csiripelandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | csiripelhetendelek or csiripelandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | csiripelhetnék | csiripelhetnél | csiripelhetne | csiripelhetnénk | csiripelhetnétek | csiripelhetnének | |
Def. | csiripelhetném | csiripelhetnéd | csiripelhetné | csiripelhetnénk (or csiripelhetnők) |
csiripelhetnétek | csiripelhetnék | |||
2nd-p. o. | csiripelhetnélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. csiripelhetett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | csiripelhessek | csiripelhess or csiripelhessél |
csiripelhessen | csiripelhessünk | csiripelhessetek | csiripelhessenek | |
Def. | csiripelhessem | csiripelhesd or csiripelhessed |
csiripelhesse | csiripelhessük | csiripelhessétek | csiripelhessék | |||
2nd-p. o. | csiripelhesselek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. csiripelhetett légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (csiripelhetni) | (csiripelhetnem) | (csiripelhetned) | (csiripelhetnie) | (csiripelhetnünk) | (csiripelhetnetek) | (csiripelhetniük) | ||
Positive adjective | csiripelhető | Neg. adj. | csiripelhetetlen | Adv. part. | (csiripelhetve / csiripelhetvén) | ||||
Derived terms
editExpressions
References
edit- ^ csiripel in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
edit- csiripel in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- csiripel in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)