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-el

See also: Appendix:Variations of "el"

Contents

EnglishEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle English -el, from Old English -el, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.

Alternative formsEdit

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. Suffix forming nouns, originally denoting an instrument, from verbs, usually spelt -le except after n and e.
    runnel, shovel, dotel
  2. Diminutive suffix in words of Germanic origin.
    hatchel, hovel, gomeral

Etymology 2Edit

From Middle English -el, a merger of two suffixes:

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. Suffix, originally diminutive, in words of mostly Romance origin.
    cupel, chapel, tunnel
Derived termsEdit
► English words suffixed with -el

AnagramsEdit

AbenakiEdit

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. Used on verbs, together with the prefix k-, to indicate that the first person singular (I) is the actor and the second person singular (you) is the object of the verb.
    n'kezalmô
    I love
    k'kezalmel
    I love you (singular)

Usage notesEdit

The suffix is spelled -ol by some writers.

See alsoEdit

BretonEdit

EtymologyEdit

Cf. French -el (e.g. sexuel, individuel, industriel)

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. To make an adjective of a noun; -al
    broad (“nation”) + ‎-el → ‎broadel (“national”)

Derived termsEdit

► Breton words suffixed with -el

DanishEdit

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. -al

Derived termsEdit

► Danish words suffixed with -el

DutchEdit

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. -el
  2. -elle

Derived termsEdit

► Dutch words suffixed with -el

EsperantoEdit

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. in [...] way
    -el is the ending for correlatives of manner or degree

Derived termsEdit

FrenchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old French -el, inherited from Latin -ālis. Doublet of -al.

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. To make an adjectival form of a noun; -al
    naturel from nature

Derived termsEdit

► French words suffixed with -el

DescendantsEdit

See alsoEdit

HungarianEdit

EtymologyEdit

-e- +‎ -l

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. (personal suffix) Used to form the second-person singular present tense of verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
    keres (“to seek”) → keresel (“you seek, you are seeking”)
  2. (verb-forming suffix) Appended to a noun to form a verb.
    ebéd (“lunch”) → ebédel (“to eat lunch”)
  3. (noun-forming suffix) Appended to a verb to form a noun (no longer productive in this role).
    lep (“to cover”) → lepel (“wrap”)

Usage notesEdit

    Present tense indefinite - personal endings
Person Back vowel Front vowel
unrounded rounded
én 1st person singular -ok -ek -ök
-ik verbs (optional) -om -em -öm
te 2nd person singular -sz
after two consonants or a long vowel + t -asz -esz
after s, sz, z, dz -ol -el -öl
ő
maga
ön 		3rd person singular –
-ik verbs -ik
mi 1st person plural -unk -ünk
ti 2nd person plural -tok -tek -tök
after two consonants or a long vowel + t -otok -etek -ötök
ők
maguk
önök 		3rd person plural -nak -nek
after two consonants or a long vowel + t -anak -enek
  • (personal suffix) Variants:
    -sz added to verbs not in the categories listed below
    vár (“to wait”) → vársz (“you wait, you are waiting”)
    -asz added to back vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
    hall (“to hear”) → hallasz (“you hear, you are hearing”)
    tanít (“to teach”) → tanítasz (“you teach, you are teaching”)
    -esz added to front vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
    dönt (“to decide”) → döntesz (“you decide, you are deciding”)
    segít (“to help”) → segítesz (“you help, you are helping”)
    -ol added to back vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz
    olvas (“to read”) → olvasol (“you read, you are reading”)
    -el added to unrounded front vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz
    vesz (“to buy”) → veszel (“you buy, you are buying”)
    -öl added to rounded front vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz
    főz (“to cook”) → főzöl (“you cook, you are cooking”)
  • (verb-forming suffix) Harmonic variants:
    -l is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-. Final long vowels may shorten, e.g. ű → ü.
    -ol is added to some back vowel words ending in a consonant
    -al is added to other back vowel words ending in a consonant
    -el is added to unrounded front vowel words ending in a consonant
    -öl is added to rounded front vowel words ending in a consonant
    -ál is added to some back vowel words ending in a consonant
  • (noun-forming suffix) Harmonic variants:
    -al is added to back vowel words
    -el is added to front vowel words

Derived termsEdit

► Hungarian verbs suffixed with -el
► Hungarian nouns suffixed with -el

See alsoEdit

Low GermanEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle Low German -el, from Old Saxon -il, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.

SuffixEdit

-el m

  1. Suffix forming nouns originally denoting an agent from verbs.
    Lepel, Snavel, Stickel

Etymology 2Edit

From Middle Low German -ling. Result of resegmentation of nouns with -el and -ing suffixes. See the English suffix -ling. Akin to English, Dutch and German -ling.

SuffixEdit

-el m

  1. A suffix that describes a male person (or other creature) in terms of a place of origin or a quality, as defined by the root to which it is added. Now often replaced by a compound with Jung for a male person, and Deern for a female person such as Lehrjung, Lehrdeern (male/female pupil).
Derived termsEdit

NormanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old French -el, from Latin -ālis.

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. makes an adjectival form of a noun; -al

Derived termsEdit

► Norman words suffixed with -el

Old EnglishEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Germanic *-a-l-.

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. Alternative form of -ol

Etymology 2Edit

From Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.

Alternative formsEdit

SuffixEdit

-el m

  1. (causes i-mutation) agent and instrumental suffix creating nouns from verbs
    crēopan (“to creep”) + ‎-el → ‎crypel (“cripple”)
    bēodan (“to command”) + ‎-el → ‎bydel (“herald, messenger”)
    spittan (“to dig”) + ‎-el → ‎spitel (“shovel”)
    hladan (“to lade”) + ‎-el → ‎hlædel (“ladle”)
    þrēapian (“to reprove, reprehend”) + ‎-el → ‎þrīpel (“instrument of punishment, cross”)
DeclensionEdit
Declension of -el
Case Singular Plural
nominative -el -(e)las
accusative -el -(e)las
genitive -(e)les -(e)la
dative -(e)le -(e)lum
DescendantsEdit

Old FrenchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin -ellus and -ellum.

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. Suffix that usually denotes a masculine noun

DescendantsEdit

French : -al, -eau, -el

PolishEdit

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-el m

  1. Forms masculine agent nouns.

DeclensionEdit

Masculine personal:

declension of -el
singular plural
nominative -el -ele / -elowie
genitive -ela -eli / -elów
dative -elowi -elom
accusative -ela -eli / -elów
instrumental -elem -elami
locative -elu -elach
vocative -elu -ele / -elowie

Masculine animate:

declension of -el
singular plural
nominative -el -ele
genitive -ela -eli
dative -elowi -elom
accusative -ela -ele
instrumental -elem -elami
locative -elu -elach
vocative -elu -ele

Masculine inanimate:

declension of -el
singular plural
nominative -el -ele
genitive -elu -eli
dative -elowi -elom
accusative -el -ele
instrumental -elem -elami
locative -elu -elach
vocative -elu -ele

Derived termsEdit

► Polish words suffixed with -el

RomanianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin -ellus.

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-el m (plural -ei, feminine -ea, feminine plural -ele)

  1. used to form a masculine diminutive of a word (e.g. băiat (“boy”) + ‎-el → ‎băiețel (“little boy”)

DeclensionEdit

declension of -el
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) -el -elul (niște) -ei -eii
genitive/dative (unui) -el -elului (unor) -ei -eilor
vocative -elule -eilor

SynonymsEdit

Derived termsEdit

► Romanian words suffixed with -el

Related termsEdit

VolapükEdit

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. Used to indicate a maker of a certain thing.

Derived termsEdit

► Volapük words suffixed with -el
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