-el

See also: Appendix:Variations of "el"

Contents

EnglishEdit

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /əl/, /l̩/

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle English -el, from Old English -el ‎(agent suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz ‎(agent suffix).

Alternative formsEdit

• -le, -al

SuffixEdit

-el

1. Suffix forming nouns, originally denoting an agent, from verbs, usually spelt -le except after n and e.

   runnel, shovel, dotel

2. Diminutive suffix in words of Germanic origin.

   hatchel, hovel, gomeral

Etymology 2Edit

A Middle English merger of the native -le suffix (which was sometimes spelt "-el"), which descends from Old English -el ‎(diminutive suffix), and a borrowing of the Old French -el ‎(diminutive suffix), which is from Latin -ellus ‎(suffix).

SuffixEdit

-el

1. Suffix, originally diminutive, in words of mostly Romance origin.

   cupel, chapel, tunnel

Derived termsEdit

► English words suffixed with -el

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AbenakiEdit

SuffixEdit

-el

1. Used on verbs, together with the prefix k-, to indicate that the first person singular (I) is the actor and the second person singular (you) is the object of the verb.

   n'kezalmô

   I love

   k'kezalmel

   I love you (singular)

Usage notesEdit

The suffix is spelled -ol by some writers.

See alsoEdit

• -elba

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BretonEdit

EtymologyEdit

Cf. French -el (e.g. sexuel, individuel, industriel)

SuffixEdit

-el

1. To make an adjective of a noun; -al

   broad ‎(“nation”) + ‎-el → ‎broadel ‎(“national”)

Derived termsEdit

► Breton words suffixed with -el

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DanishEdit

SuffixEdit

-el

1. -al

Derived termsEdit

► Danish words suffixed with -el

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DutchEdit

SuffixEdit

-el

1. -el
2. -elle

Derived termsEdit

► Dutch words suffixed with -el

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EsperantoEdit

SuffixEdit

-el

1. in [...] way

   -el is the ending for correlatives of manner or degree

Derived termsEdit

• kiel: in what way, in what manner, how
• tiel: in that way, in that manner, thus
• ĉiel: in every way, in every manner
• iel: in some way, in some manner, somehow
• neniel: in no way, nohow
• (nonce) aliel: in another way, somehow else

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FrenchEdit

EtymologyEdit

Inherited from Latin -ālis. Cognate to French -al.

SuffixEdit

-el

1. To make an adjectival form of a noun; -al

   naturel from nature

Derived termsEdit

► French words suffixed with -el

DescendantsEdit

• German: -ell

See alsoEdit

• -al

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HungarianEdit

EtymologyEdit

-e- +‎ -l

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): [ɛl]

SuffixEdit

-el

1. (personal suffix) Used to form the second-person singular present tense of verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).

   keres ‎(“to seek”) → keresel ‎(“you seek, you are seeking”)

2. (verb suffix) Added to a noun to form a verb.

   ebéd ‎(“lunch”) → ebédel ‎(“to eat lunch”)

3. (noun suffix) Added to a verb to form a noun (no longer productive in this role).

   lep ‎(“to cover”) → lepel ‎(“wrap”)

Usage notesEdit

    Present tense indefinite - personal endings

Person		Back vowel	Front vowel
			unrounded	rounded
én	1st person singular	-ok	-ek	-ök
	-ik verbs (optional)	-om	-em	-öm
te	2nd person singular	-sz
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-asz	-esz
	after s, sz, z, dz	-ol	-el	-öl
ő maga ön	3rd person singular	–
	-ik verbs	-ik
mi	1st person plural	-unk	-ünk
ti	2nd person plural	-tok	-tek	-tök
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-otok	-etek	-ötök
ők maguk önök	3rd person plural	-nak	-nek
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anak	-enek

• (personal suffix) Variants:

  -sz added to verbs not in the categories listed below

  vár ‎(“to wait”) → vársz ‎(“you wait, you are waiting”)

  -asz added to back vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít

  hall ‎(“to hear”) → hallasz ‎(“you hear, you are hearing”)

  tanít ‎(“to teach”) → tanítasz ‎(“you teach, you are teaching”)

  -esz added to front vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít

  dönt ‎(“to decide”) → döntesz ‎(“you decide, you are deciding”)

  segít ‎(“to help”) → segítesz ‎(“you help, you are helping”)

  -ol added to back vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz

  olvas ‎(“to read”) → olvasol ‎(“you read, you are reading”)

  -el added to unrounded front vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz

  vesz ‎(“to buy”) → veszel ‎(“you buy, you are buying”)

  -öl added to rounded front vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz

  főz ‎(“to cook”) → főzöl ‎(“you cook, you are cooking”)

• (verb suffix) Variants:

  -l is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-. Final long vowels may shorten, e.g. ű → ü.

  -ol is added to some back vowel words ending in a consonant

  -al is added to other back vowel words ending in a consonant

  -el is added to unrounded front vowel words ending in a consonant

  -öl is added to rounded front vowel words ending in a consonant

  -ál is added to some back vowel words ending in a consonant

• (noun suffix) Variants:

  -al is added to back vowel words

  -el is added to front vowel words

Derived termsEdit

► Hungarian verbs suffixed with -el

► Hungarian nouns suffixed with -el

See alsoEdit

• Category:Hungarian verb forms
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

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Low GermanEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle Low German -el, from Old Saxon -il ‎(agent suffix), -al ‎(agent suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz ‎(agent suffix). Cognate with Dutch and German -el, English -le and -el.

SuffixEdit

-el m

1. Suffix forming nouns originally denoting an agent from verbs.

   Lepel, Snavel, Stickel

Etymology 2Edit

From Middle Low German -ling. Result of wrong segmentation of nouns with -el and -ing suffixes. See the English suffix -ling. Akin to English, Dutch and German -ling.

SuffixEdit

-el m

1. A suffix that describes a male person (or other creature) in terms of a place of origin or a quality, as defined by the root to which it is added. Now often replaced by a compound with Jung for a male person, and Deern for a female person such as Lehrjung, Lehrdeern (male/female pupil).

Derived termsEdit

• Bückel
• Stickel

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NormanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old French -el, from Latin -ālis.

SuffixEdit

-el

1. makes an adjectival form of a noun; -al

Derived termsEdit

► Norman words suffixed with -el

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Old EnglishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Germanic *-a-l-.

SuffixEdit

-el

1. Alternative form of -ol

Etymology 2Edit

From Proto-Germanic *-ilaz ‎(“agent suffix”), from Proto-Indo-European *-(i)lo-, *-(u)lo-, -(e)lā-

Alternative formsEdit

• -il

SuffixEdit

-el m

1. (causes i-mutation) agent and instrumental suffix creating nouns from verbs

   crypel "cripple", from crēopan "to creep"

   bydel "herald, messenger", from bēodan "to command"

   spitel "shovel", from spittan "to dig"

   hlædel "ladle", from hladan "to lade"

   þrīpel "instrument of punishment, cross", from þrēapian "to reprove, reprehend"

DeclensionEdit

Declension of -el

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	-el	-(e)las
accusative	-el	-(e)las
genitive	-(e)les	-(e)la
dative	-(e)le	-(e)lum

DescendantsEdit

• English -le

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Old FrenchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin -ellus and -ellum.

SuffixEdit

-el

1. Suffix that usually denotes a masculine noun

DescendantsEdit

French : -al, -eau, -el

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RomanianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin -ellus.

SuffixEdit

-el m (plural -ei, feminine -ea, feminine plural -ele)

1. used to form a masculine diminutive of a word (e.g. băiat ‎(“boy”) + ‎-el → ‎băiețel ‎(“little boy”)

DeclensionEdit

declension of -el

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) -el	-elul	(niște) -ei	-eii
genitive/dative	(unui) -el	-elului	(unor) -ei	-eilor
vocative	-elule		-eilor

SynonymsEdit

• -uș, -aș, -uț, -șor

Derived termsEdit

► Romanian words suffixed with -el

Related termsEdit

• -ea

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VolapükEdit

SuffixEdit

-el

1. Used to indicate a maker of a certain thing.

Derived termsEdit

► Volapük words suffixed with -el