-el
EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle English -el, from Old English -el, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.
Alternative formsEdit
SuffixEdit
-el
- Suffix forming nouns, originally denoting an instrument, from verbs, usually spelt -le except after n and e.
- Diminutive suffix in words of Germanic origin.
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle English -el, a merger of two suffixes:
- Old English -el (diminutive suffix)
- Old French -el (diminutive suffix), from Latin -ellus
SuffixEdit
-el
Derived termsEdit
AnagramsEdit
AbenakiEdit
SuffixEdit
-el
- Used on verbs, together with the prefix k-, to indicate that the first person singular (I) is the actor and the second person singular (you) is the object of the verb.
- n'kezalmô
- I love
- k'kezalmel
- I love you (singular)
- n'kezalmô
Usage notesEdit
The suffix is spelled -ol by some writers.
See alsoEdit
BretonEdit
EtymologyEdit
Cf. French -el (e.g. sexuel, individuel, industriel)
SuffixEdit
-el
Derived termsEdit
CzechEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-el
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- -el in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017
DanishEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-el
Derived termsEdit
DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Dutch *-el, from Proto-West Germanic *-il, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-el
Derived termsEdit
EsperantoEdit
PronunciationEdit
Audio (file)
SuffixEdit
-el
- in [...] way
- -el is the ending for correlatives of manner or degree
Derived termsEdit
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
Inherited from Old French -el, from Latin -ālis. Doublet of -al.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-el (feminine -elle, masculine plural -els, feminine plural -elles)
- forms adjectives from nouns: -al
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
See alsoEdit
GermanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle High German -el, from Old High German -il, direct descendant of Proto-West Germanic *-il, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz, or from dialectal variants of -lein, which as well ultimately go back to *-ilaz or to *-ilingaz.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-el
- suffix in diminutives
- suffix in nouns indicating appurtenance
- suffix in agent and instrumental nouns
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “-el” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
HungarianEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-el
- (personal suffix) Used to form the second-person singular present tense of verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
- (verb-forming suffix) Appended to a noun to form a verb.
- (noun-forming suffix) Appended to a verb to form a noun (no longer productive in this role).
Usage notesEdit
Person | Back vowel |
Front vowel | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | |||
én | 1st person singular | -ok | -ek | -ök |
-ik verbs (optional) | -om | -em | -öm | |
te | 2nd person singular | -sz | ||
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -asz | -esz | ||
after s, sz, z, dz | -ol | -el | -öl | |
ő maga ön |
3rd person singular | – | ||
-ik verbs | -ik | |||
mi | 1st person plural | -unk | -ünk | |
ti | 2nd person plural | -tok | -tek | -tök |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -otok | -etek | -ötök | |
ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural | -nak | -nek | |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anak | -enek | ||
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. |
- (personal suffix) Variants:
- -sz added to verbs not in the categories listed below
- -asz added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
- -esz added to front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
- -ol added to back-vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz
- -el added to unrounded front-vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz
- -öl added to rounded front-vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz
- (verb-forming suffix) Harmonic variants:
- -l is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-. Final long vowels may shorten, e.g. ű → ü.
- -ol is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -al is added to other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -el is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -öl is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -ál is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
Note: Certain words take another, synonymous suffix, -z/-oz/-az/-ez/-öz/-áz or -zik/-ozik/-azik/-ezik/-özik.
- (noun-forming suffix) Harmonic variants:
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
Low GermanEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle Low German -el, from Old Saxon -il, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.
SuffixEdit
-el m
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle Low German -ling. Result of resegmentation of nouns with -el and -ing suffixes. See the English suffix -ling. Akin to English, Dutch and German -ling.
SuffixEdit
-el m
- A suffix that describes a male person (or other creature) in terms of a place of origin or a quality, as defined by the root to which it is added. Now often replaced by a compound with Jung for a male person, and Deern for a female person such as Lehrjung, Lehrdeern (male/female pupil).
Derived termsEdit
Middle EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old English -el, -ol, from Proto-West Germanic *-ul, from Proto-Germanic *-ulaz.
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-el
- Forms adjectives meaning "tending to" or "able to" from verbs.
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “-el, suf.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Etymology 2Edit
From Old English -el, -ol, from Proto-West Germanic *-il, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-el
- Forms diminutives from verbs or other nouns.
- Forms agent nouns from verbs or other nouns.
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “-el, suf.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Etymology 3Edit
From Old French -el, -ele, from Latin -ālis and -ellus, -ella.
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-el
- Forms diminutives from verbs or other nouns.
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Etymology 4Edit
SuffixEdit
-el
- Alternative form of -al
Etymology 5Edit
SuffixEdit
-el
- Alternative form of -elen
NormanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old French -el, from Latin -ālis.
SuffixEdit
-el
- makes an adjectival form of a noun; -al
Derived termsEdit
Old EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Germanic *-a-l-.
SuffixEdit
-el
- Alternative form of -ol
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.
Alternative formsEdit
SuffixEdit
-el
- (causes i-mutation) agent and instrumental suffix creating nouns from verbs
DeclensionEdit
DescendantsEdit
Old FrenchEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
SuffixEdit
-el
- used to form an adjective
DescendantsEdit
- French: -el
Etymology 2Edit
SuffixEdit
-el
- used to form a diminutive
DescendantsEdit
PolishEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-el m
- Forms masculine agent nouns.
- śmierdzieć + -el → śmierdziel
DeclensionEdit
Masculine personal:
Masculine animate:
Masculine inanimate:
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
RomaniEdit
SuffixEdit
-el
- Forms the third-person singular present indicative of consonantal oikoclitic verbs
RomanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-el m (plural -ei, feminine -ea, feminine plural -ele)
- used to form a masculine diminutive of a word (e.g. băiat (“boy”) + -el → băiețel (“little boy”)
DeclensionEdit
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
TurkishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- -al (after vowels a, ı, o, u)
EtymologyEdit
Learned borrowing from French -el [1].
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-el
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Lewis, Geoffrey (1999) The Turkish Language Reform: A Catastrophic Success, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, page 102
VolapükEdit
SuffixEdit
-el
- Used to indicate a maker of a certain thing.