EnglishEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle English -el, from Old English -el, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.

Alternative formsEdit

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. Suffix forming nouns, originally denoting an instrument, from verbs, usually spelt -le except after n and e.
    runnel, shovel, dotel
  2. Diminutive suffix in words of Germanic origin.
    hatchel, hovel, gomeral

Etymology 2Edit

From Middle English -el, a merger of two suffixes:

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. Suffix, originally diminutive, in words of mostly Romance origin.
    cupel, chapel, tunnel
Derived termsEdit

AnagramsEdit

AbenakiEdit

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. Used on verbs, together with the prefix k-, to indicate that the first person singular (I) is the actor and the second person singular (you) is the object of the verb.
    n'kezalmô
    I love
    k'kezalmel
    I love you (singular)

Usage notesEdit

The suffix is spelled -ol by some writers.

See alsoEdit

BretonEdit

EtymologyEdit

Cf. French -el (e.g. sexuel, individuel, industriel)

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. To make an adjective of a noun; -al
    broad (nation) + ‎-el → ‎broadel (national)

Derived termsEdit

CzechEdit

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. forms nouns
    koupat + ‎-el → ‎koupel

Derived termsEdit

Further readingEdit

  • -el in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

DanishEdit

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. -al

Derived termsEdit

DutchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Dutch *-el, from Proto-West Germanic *-il, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. -el
  2. -elle

Derived termsEdit

EsperantoEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • (file)

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. in [...] way
    -el is the ending for correlatives of manner or degree

Derived termsEdit

  • kiel (in what way, in what manner, how)
  • tiel (in that way, in that manner, thus)
  • ĉiel (in every way, in every manner)
  • iel (in some way, in some manner, somehow)
  • neniel (in no way, nohow)
  • (nonce) aliel (in another way, somehow else)

FrenchEdit

EtymologyEdit

Inherited from Old French -el, from Latin -ālis. Doublet of -al.

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-el (feminine -elle, masculine plural -els, feminine plural -elles)

  1. forms adjectives from nouns: -al

Derived termsEdit

DescendantsEdit

  • German: -ell
  • Turkish: -el (learned)

See alsoEdit

GermanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle High German -el, from Old High German -il, direct descendant of Proto-West Germanic *-il, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz, or from dialectal variants of -lein, which as well ultimately go back to *-ilaz or to *-ilingaz.

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. suffix in diminutives
    Kind (child) + ‎-el → ‎Kindel (little child, darling)
    Haus (house) + ‎-el → ‎Häusel (little house)
  2. suffix in nouns indicating appurtenance
    Arm (arm) + ‎-el → ‎Ärmel (sleeve)
    Eiche (oak) + ‎-el → ‎Eichel (acorn)
  3. suffix in agent and instrumental nouns
    Büttel, Meißel

Derived termsEdit

Further readingEdit

  • -el” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

HungarianEdit

EtymologyEdit

-e- + -l

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. (personal suffix) Used to form the second-person singular present tense of verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
    keres (to seek)keresel (you seek, you are seeking)
  2. (verb-forming suffix) Appended to a noun to form a verb.
    ebéd (lunch)ebédel (to eat lunch)
  3. (noun-forming suffix) Appended to a verb to form a noun (no longer productive in this role).
    lep (to cover)lepel (wrap)

Usage notesEdit

  • (personal suffix) Variants:
    -sz added to verbs not in the categories listed below
    vár (to wait)vársz (you wait, you are waiting)
    -asz added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
    hall (to hear)hallasz (you hear, you are hearing)
    tanít (to teach)tanítasz (you teach, you are teaching)
    -esz added to front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
    dönt (to decide)döntesz (you decide, you are deciding)
    segít (to help)segítesz (you help, you are helping)
    -ol added to back-vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz
    olvas (to read)olvasol (you read, you are reading)
    -el added to unrounded front-vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz
    vesz (to buy)veszel (you buy, you are buying)
    -öl added to rounded front-vowel verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz
    főz (to cook)főzöl (you cook, you are cooking)
  • (verb-forming suffix) Harmonic variants:
    -l is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-. Final long vowels may shorten, e.g. űü.
    -ol is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -al is added to other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -el is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -öl is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -ál is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant

Note: Certain words take another, synonymous suffix, -z/-oz/-az/-ez/-öz/-áz or -zik/-ozik/-azik/-ezik/-özik.

  • (noun-forming suffix) Harmonic variants:
    -al is added to back-vowel words
    -el is added to front-vowel words

Derived termsEdit

See alsoEdit

Low GermanEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle Low German -el, from Old Saxon -il, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.

SuffixEdit

-el m

  1. Suffix forming nouns originally denoting an agent from verbs.
    Lepel, Snavel, Stickel

Etymology 2Edit

From Middle Low German -ling. Result of resegmentation of nouns with -el and -ing suffixes. See the English suffix -ling. Akin to English, Dutch and German -ling.

SuffixEdit

-el m

  1. A suffix that describes a male person (or other creature) in terms of a place of origin or a quality, as defined by the root to which it is added. Now often replaced by a compound with Jung for a male person, and Deern for a female person such as Lehrjung, Lehrdeern (male/female pupil).
Derived termsEdit

Middle EnglishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old English -el, -ol, from Proto-West Germanic *-ul, from Proto-Germanic *-ulaz.

Alternative formsEdit

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. Forms adjectives meaning "tending to" or "able to" from verbs.
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From Old English -el, -ol, from Proto-West Germanic *-il, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.

Alternative formsEdit

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. Forms diminutives from verbs or other nouns.
  2. Forms agent nouns from verbs or other nouns.
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit

Etymology 3Edit

From Old French -el, -ele, from Latin -ālis and -ellus, -ella.

Alternative formsEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /-ˈɛːl(ə)/, /-ɛl(ə)/

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. Forms diminutives from verbs or other nouns.
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit

Etymology 4Edit

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. Alternative form of -al

Etymology 5Edit

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. Alternative form of -elen

NormanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old French -el, from Latin -ālis.

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. makes an adjectival form of a noun; -al

Derived termsEdit

Old EnglishEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Germanic *-a-l-.

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. Alternative form of -ol

Etymology 2Edit

From Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.

Alternative formsEdit

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. (causes i-mutation) agent and instrumental suffix creating nouns from verbs
    crēopan (to creep) + ‎-el → ‎crypel (cripple)
    bēodan (to command) + ‎-el → ‎bydel (herald, messenger)
    spittan (to dig) + ‎-el → ‎spitel (shovel)
    hladan (to lade) + ‎-el → ‎hlædel (ladle)
    þrēapian (to reprove, reprehend) + ‎-el → ‎þrīpel (instrument of punishment, cross)
DeclensionEdit
DescendantsEdit

Old FrenchEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Latin -ālis.

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. used to form an adjective
DescendantsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From Latin -ellus.

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. used to form a diminutive
DescendantsEdit

PolishEdit

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-el m

  1. Forms masculine agent nouns.
    śmierdzieć + ‎-el → ‎śmierdziel

DeclensionEdit

Masculine personal:

Masculine animate:

Masculine inanimate:

Derived termsEdit

Further readingEdit

  • -el in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • -el in Polish dictionaries at PWN

RomaniEdit

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. Forms the third-person singular present indicative of consonantal oikoclitic verbs

RomanianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin -ellus.

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-el m (plural -ei, feminine -ea, feminine plural -ele)

  1. used to form a masculine diminutive of a word (e.g. ‎băiat (boy) + ‎-el → ‎băiețel (little boy)

DeclensionEdit

SynonymsEdit

Derived termsEdit

Related termsEdit

TurkishEdit

Alternative formsEdit

  • -al (after vowels a, ı, o, u)

EtymologyEdit

Learned borrowing from French -el [1].

PronunciationEdit

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. Forms adjectives from nouns and verbs
    özel (private, special) from öz (self)

Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Lewis, Geoffrey (1999) The Turkish Language Reform: A Catastrophic Success, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, page 102

VolapükEdit

SuffixEdit

-el

  1. Used to indicate a maker of a certain thing.

Derived termsEdit