cychwyn

Welsh

Etymology

Proto-Celtic *kom-skʷend-, from the Proto-Indo-European root *sk(ʷ)end- (“jump, climb”). Compare echwyn.

Pronunciation

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• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈkəχwɨ̞n/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈkəχwɪn/

Noun

cychwyn m (uncountable)

1. beginning, start

Verb

cychwyn (first-person singular present cychwynnaf)

1. (transitive or intransitive) to begin, to start

   Synonym: dechrau

   Antonyms: bennu, cwpla, dibennu, gorffen, diweddu

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	cychwynnaf	cychwynni	cychwyn, cychwynna	cychwynnwn	cychwynnwch	cychwynnant	cychwynnir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	cychwynnwn	cychwynnit	cychwynnai	cychwynnem	cychwynnech	cychwynnent	cychwynnid
preterite	cychwynnais	cychwynnaist	cychwynnodd	cychwynasom	cychwynasoch	cychwynasant	cychwynnwyd
pluperfect	cychwynaswn	cychwynasit	cychwynasai	cychwynasem	cychwynasech	cychwynasent	cychwynasid, cychwynesid
present subjunctive	cychwynnwyf	cychwynnych	cychwynno	cychwynnom	cychwynnoch	cychwynnont	cychwynner
imperative	—	cychwynna	cychwynned	cychwynnwn	cychwynnwch	cychwynnent	cychwynner
verbal noun	cychwyn
verbal adjectives	cychwynedig cychwynadwy

Conjugation (colloquial)

Inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	cychwynna i, cychwynnaf i	cychwynni di	cychwynnith o/e/hi, cychwynniff e/hi	cychwynnwn ni	cychwynnwch chi	cychwynnan nhw
conditional	cychwynnwn i, cychwynnswn i	cychwynnet ti, cychwynnset ti	cychwynnai fo/fe/hi, cychwynnsai fo/fe/hi	cychwynnen ni, cychwynnsen ni	cychwynnech chi, cychwynnsech chi	cychwynnen nhw, cychwynnsen nhw
preterite	cychwynnais i, cychwynnes i	cychwynnaist ti, cychwynnest ti	cychwynnodd o/e/hi	cychwynnon ni	cychwynnoch chi	cychwynnon nhw
imperative	—	cychwynna	—	—	cychwynnwch	—
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

• ailgychwyn (“to restart”)
• cychwynfa (“starting-point, origin”)
• cychwyniad (“beginning, initiation”)
• cychwynnol (“initial, original, starting”)
• cychwynnwr (“starter”)
• cychwynnydd (“starter”)

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
cychwyn	gychwyn	nghychwyn	chychwyn
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cychwyn”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies