cyrraedd
Welsh edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Welsh kyrhaeð, from Proto-Celtic *kom- + *ɸro-sagyeti (compare Old Irish ro·saig (“to reach”)). By surface analysis, cyr- + haedd(u) (“strive for, obtain”).[1]
Pronunciation edit
- (North Wales, standard) IPA(key): /ˈkəraɨ̯ð/
- (North Wales, colloquial) /ˈkərɛð/, /ˈkərað/
- (South Wales, standard) IPA(key): /ˈkərai̯ð/
- (South Wales, colloquial) /ˈkərað/, /ˈkərɛð/
- Rhymes: -əraɨ̯ð
Verb edit
cyrraedd (first-person singular present cyrhaeddaf)
- (transitive, intransitive) to arrive (at)
Conjugation edit
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | cyrhaeddaf | cyrhaeddi | cyrraedd, cyrhaedda, cyrraidd | cyrhaeddwn | cyrhaeddwch | cyrhaeddant | cyrhaeddir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
cyrhaeddwn | cyrhaeddit | cyrhaeddai | cyrhaeddem | cyrhaeddech | cyrhaeddent | cyrhaeddid | |
| preterite | cyrhaeddais | cyrhaeddaist | cyrhaeddodd | cyraeddasom | cyraeddasoch | cyraeddasant | cyrhaeddwyd | |
| pluperfect | cyraeddaswn | cyraeddasit | cyraeddasai | cyraeddasem | cyraeddasech | cyraeddasent | cyraeddasid, cyraeddesid | |
| present subjunctive | cyrhaeddwyf | cyrhaeddych | cyrhaeddo | cyrhaeddom | cyrhaeddoch | cyrhaeddont | cyrhaedder | |
| imperative | — | cyrraedd | cyrhaedded | cyrhaeddwn | cyrhaeddwch | cyrhaeddent | cyrhaedder | |
| verbal noun | cyrraedd | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | cyraeddedig cyraeddadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | cyrhaedda i, cyrhaeddaf i | cyrhaeddi di | cyrhaeddith o/e/hi, cyrhaeddiff e/hi | cyrhaeddwn ni | cyrhaeddwch chi | cyrhaeddan nhw |
| conditional | cyrhaeddwn i, cyrhaeddswn i | cyrhaeddet ti, cyrhaeddset ti | cyrhaeddai fo/fe/hi, cyrhaeddsai fo/fe/hi | cyrhaedden ni, cyrhaeddsen ni | cyrhaeddech chi, cyrhaeddsech chi | cyrhaedden nhw, cyrhaeddsen nhw |
| preterite | cyrhaeddais i, cyrhaeddes i | cyrhaeddaist ti, cyrhaeddest ti | cyrhaeddodd o/e/hi | cyrhaeddon ni | cyrhaeddoch chi | cyrhaeddon nhw |
| imperative | — | cyrhaedda | — | — | cyrhaeddwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Related terms edit
- haeddu (“to deserve”)
Mutation edit
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| cyrraedd | gyrraedd | nghyrraedd | chyrraedd |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
References edit
- ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cyrhaeddaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies