difwyno

Welsh

Etymology

From difwyn +‎ -o.

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /dɪˈvʊɨ̯nɔ/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /dɪˈvʊi̯nɔ/

Verb

difwyno (first-person singular present difwynaf)

1. to soil, to defile, to spoil

   Synonyms: baeddu, maeddu, llygru

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	difwynaf	difwyni	difwyna	difwynwn	difwynwch	difwynant	difwynir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	difwynwn	difwynit	difwynai	difwynem	difwynech	difwynent	difwynid
preterite	difwynais	difwynaist	difwynodd	difwynasom	difwynasoch	difwynasant	difwynwyd
pluperfect	difwynaswn	difwynasit	difwynasai	difwynasem	difwynasech	difwynasent	difwynasid, difwynesid
present subjunctive	difwynwyf	difwynych	difwyno	difwynom	difwynoch	difwynont	difwyner
imperative	—	difwyna	difwyned	difwynwn	difwynwch	difwynent	difwyner
verbal noun	difwyno
verbal adjectives	difwynedig difwynadwy

Conjugation (colloquial)

Inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	difwyna i, difwynaf i	difwyni di	difwynith o/e/hi, difwyniff e/hi	difwynwn ni	difwynwch chi	difwynan nhw
conditional	difwynwn i, difwynswn i	difwynet ti, difwynset ti	difwynai fo/fe/hi, difwynsai fo/fe/hi	difwynen ni, difwynsen ni	difwynech chi, difwynsech chi	difwynen nhw, difwynsen nhw
preterite	difwynais i, difwynes i	difwynaist ti, difwynest ti	difwynodd o/e/hi	difwynon ni	difwynoch chi	difwynon nhw
imperative	—	difwyna	—	—	difwynwch	—
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
difwyno	ddifwyno	nifwyno	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “difwyno”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies