gafael
Welsh edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Welsh gauael, from Old Welsh ad-gabael, from Proto-Brythonic *gavaɣl, from Proto-Celtic *gabaglā (compare Cornish gavel, Old Breton gabael, Old Irish gabál), verbal noun of *gabyeti (“to take, hold”) (compare Old Irish gaibid), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰh₁bʰ- (compare Latin habeō, German geben).
Pronunciation edit
- (North Wales, standard) IPA(key): /ˈɡavaɨ̯l/
- (North Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /ˈɡavɛl/, /ˈɡaval/
- (South Wales, standard) IPA(key): /ˈɡaːvai̯l/, /ˈɡavai̯l/
- (South Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /ˈɡaːvɛl/, /ˈɡavɛl/
Verb edit
gafael (first-person singular present gafaelaf)
Conjugation edit
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | gafaelaf | gafaeli | gafael, gafaela | gafaelwn | gafaelwch | gafaelant | gafaelir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
gafaelwn | gafaelit | gafaelai | gafaelem | gafaelech | gafaelent | gafaelid | |
| preterite | gafaelais | gafaelaist | gafaelodd | gafaelasom | gafaelasoch | gafaelasant | gafaelwyd | |
| pluperfect | gafaelaswn | gafaelasit | gafaelasai | gafaelasem | gafaelasech | gafaelasent | gafaelasid, gafaelesid | |
| present subjunctive | gafaelwyf | gafaelych | gafaelo | gafaelom | gafaeloch | gafaelont | gafaeler | |
| imperative | — | gafael | gafaeled | gafaelwn | gafaelwch | gafaelent | gafaeler | |
| verbal noun | gafael | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | gafaeledig gafaeladwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | gafaela i, gafaelaf i | gafaeli di | gafaelith o/e/hi, gafaeliff e/hi | gafaelwn ni | gafaelwch chi | gafaelan nhw |
| conditional | gafaelwn i, gafaelswn i | gafaelet ti, gafaelset ti | gafaelai fo/fe/hi, gafaelsai fo/fe/hi | gafaelen ni, gafaelsen ni | gafaelech chi, gafaelsech chi | gafaelen nhw, gafaelsen nhw |
| preterite | gafaelais i, gafaeles i | gafaelaist ti, gafaelest ti | gafaelodd o/e/hi | gafaelon ni | gafaeloch chi | gafaelon nhw |
| imperative | — | gafaela | — | — | gafaelwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Related terms edit
Mutation edit
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| gafael | afael | ngafael | unchanged |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading edit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gafael”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies