Tone L
|
Infinitive
|
ukuhumusha
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukuhumusha
|
ukungahumushi
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
humusha
|
-humushe
|
Plural
|
humushani
|
-humusheni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyahumusha, ngihumusha
|
engihumushayo, engihumusha
|
ngihumusha
|
angihumushi
|
engingahumushi
|
ngingahumushi
|
2nd singular
|
uyahumusha, uhumusha
|
ohumushayo, ohumusha
|
uhumusha
|
awuhumushi
|
ongahumushi
|
ungahumushi
|
1st plural
|
siyahumusha, sihumusha
|
esihumushayo, esihumusha
|
sihumusha
|
asihumushi
|
esingahumushi
|
singahumushi
|
2nd plural
|
niyahumusha, nihumusha
|
enihumushayo, enihumusha
|
nihumusha
|
anihumushi
|
eningahumushi
|
ningahumushi
|
Class 1
|
uyahumusha, uhumusha
|
ohumushayo, ohumusha
|
ehumusha
|
akahumushi
|
ongahumushi
|
engahumushi
|
Class 2
|
bayahumusha, bahumusha
|
abahumushayo, abahumusha
|
behumusha
|
abahumushi
|
abangahumushi
|
bengahumushi
|
Class 3
|
uyahumusha, uhumusha
|
ohumushayo, ohumusha
|
uhumusha
|
awuhumushi
|
ongahumushi
|
ungahumushi
|
Class 4
|
iyahumusha, ihumusha
|
ehumushayo, ehumusha
|
ihumusha
|
ayihumushi
|
engahumushi
|
ingahumushi
|
Class 5
|
liyahumusha, lihumusha
|
elihumushayo, elihumusha
|
lihumusha
|
alihumushi
|
elingahumushi
|
lingahumushi
|
Class 6
|
ayahumusha, ahumusha
|
ahumushayo, ahumusha
|
ehumusha
|
awahumushi
|
angahumushi
|
engahumushi
|
Class 7
|
siyahumusha, sihumusha
|
esihumushayo, esihumusha
|
sihumusha
|
asihumushi
|
esingahumushi
|
singahumushi
|
Class 8
|
ziyahumusha, zihumusha
|
ezihumushayo, ezihumusha
|
zihumusha
|
azihumushi
|
ezingahumushi
|
zingahumushi
|
Class 9
|
iyahumusha, ihumusha
|
ehumushayo, ehumusha
|
ihumusha
|
ayihumushi
|
engahumushi
|
ingahumushi
|
Class 10
|
ziyahumusha, zihumusha
|
ezihumushayo, ezihumusha
|
zihumusha
|
azihumushi
|
ezingahumushi
|
zingahumushi
|
Class 11
|
luyahumusha, luhumusha
|
oluhumushayo, oluhumusha
|
luhumusha
|
aluhumushi
|
olungahumushi
|
lungahumushi
|
Class 14
|
buyahumusha, buhumusha
|
obuhumushayo, obuhumusha
|
buhumusha
|
abuhumushi
|
obungahumushi
|
bungahumushi
|
Class 15
|
kuyahumusha, kuhumusha
|
okuhumushayo, okuhumusha
|
kuhumusha
|
akuhumushi
|
okungahumushi
|
kungahumushi
|
Class 17
|
kuyahumusha, kuhumusha
|
okuhumushayo, okuhumusha
|
kuhumusha
|
akuhumushi
|
okungahumushi
|
kungahumushi
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngihumushile, ngihumushē
|
engihumushile, engihumushē
|
ngihumushile, ngihumushē
|
angihumushanga
|
engingahumushanga
|
ngingahumushanga
|
2nd singular
|
uhumushile, uhumushē
|
ohumushile, ohumushē
|
uhumushile, uhumushē
|
awuhumushanga
|
ongahumushanga
|
ungahumushanga
|
1st plural
|
sihumushile, sihumushē
|
esihumushile, esihumushē
|
sihumushile, sihumushē
|
asihumushanga
|
esingahumushanga
|
singahumushanga
|
2nd plural
|
nihumushile, nihumushē
|
enihumushile, enihumushē
|
nihumushile, nihumushē
|
anihumushanga
|
eningahumushanga
|
ningahumushanga
|
Class 1
|
uhumushile, uhumushē
|
ohumushile, ohumushē
|
ehumushile, ehumushē
|
akahumushanga
|
ongahumushanga
|
engahumushanga
|
Class 2
|
bahumushile, bahumushē
|
abahumushile, abahumushē
|
behumushile, behumushē
|
abahumushanga
|
abangahumushanga
|
bengahumushanga
|
Class 3
|
uhumushile, uhumushē
|
ohumushile, ohumushē
|
uhumushile, uhumushē
|
awuhumushanga
|
ongahumushanga
|
ungahumushanga
|
Class 4
|
ihumushile, ihumushē
|
ehumushile, ehumushē
|
ihumushile, ihumushē
|
ayihumushanga
|
engahumushanga
|
ingahumushanga
|
Class 5
|
lihumushile, lihumushē
|
elihumushile, elihumushē
|
lihumushile, lihumushē
|
alihumushanga
|
elingahumushanga
|
lingahumushanga
|
Class 6
|
ahumushile, ahumushē
|
ahumushile, ahumushē
|
ehumushile, ehumushē
|
awahumushanga
|
angahumushanga
|
engahumushanga
|
Class 7
|
sihumushile, sihumushē
|
esihumushile, esihumushē
|
sihumushile, sihumushē
|
asihumushanga
|
esingahumushanga
|
singahumushanga
|
Class 8
|
zihumushile, zihumushē
|
ezihumushile, ezihumushē
|
zihumushile, zihumushē
|
azihumushanga
|
ezingahumushanga
|
zingahumushanga
|
Class 9
|
ihumushile, ihumushē
|
ehumushile, ehumushē
|
ihumushile, ihumushē
|
ayihumushanga
|
engahumushanga
|
ingahumushanga
|
Class 10
|
zihumushile, zihumushē
|
ezihumushile, ezihumushē
|
zihumushile, zihumushē
|
azihumushanga
|
ezingahumushanga
|
zingahumushanga
|
Class 11
|
luhumushile, luhumushē
|
oluhumushile, oluhumushē
|
luhumushile, luhumushē
|
aluhumushanga
|
olungahumushanga
|
lungahumushanga
|
Class 14
|
buhumushile, buhumushē
|
obuhumushile, obuhumushē
|
buhumushile, buhumushē
|
abuhumushanga
|
obungahumushanga
|
bungahumushanga
|
Class 15
|
kuhumushile, kuhumushē
|
okuhumushile, okuhumushē
|
kuhumushile, kuhumushē
|
akuhumushanga
|
okungahumushanga
|
kungahumushanga
|
Class 17
|
kuhumushile, kuhumushē
|
okuhumushile, okuhumushē
|
kuhumushile, kuhumushē
|
akuhumushanga
|
okungahumushanga
|
kungahumushanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāhumusha
|
engāhumusha
|
ngāhumusha
|
angihumushanga
|
engingahumushanga
|
ngingahumushanga
|
2nd singular
|
wāhumusha
|
owāhumusha
|
wāhumusha
|
awuhumushanga
|
ongahumushanga
|
ungahumushanga
|
1st plural
|
sāhumusha
|
esāhumusha
|
sāhumusha
|
asihumushanga
|
esingahumushanga
|
singahumushanga
|
2nd plural
|
nāhumusha
|
enāhumusha
|
nāhumusha
|
anihumushanga
|
eningahumushanga
|
ningahumushanga
|
Class 1
|
wāhumusha
|
owāhumusha
|
āhumusha
|
akahumushanga
|
ongahumushanga
|
engahumushanga
|
Class 2
|
bāhumusha
|
abāhumusha
|
bāhumusha
|
abahumushanga
|
abangahumushanga
|
bengahumushanga
|
Class 3
|
wāhumusha
|
owāhumusha
|
wāhumusha
|
awuhumushanga
|
ongahumushanga
|
ungahumushanga
|
Class 4
|
yāhumusha
|
eyāhumusha
|
yāhumusha
|
ayihumushanga
|
engahumushanga
|
ingahumushanga
|
Class 5
|
lāhumusha
|
elāhumusha
|
lāhumusha
|
alihumushanga
|
elingahumushanga
|
lingahumushanga
|
Class 6
|
āhumusha
|
āhumusha
|
āhumusha
|
awahumushanga
|
angahumushanga
|
engahumushanga
|
Class 7
|
sāhumusha
|
esāhumusha
|
sāhumusha
|
asihumushanga
|
esingahumushanga
|
singahumushanga
|
Class 8
|
zāhumusha
|
ezāhumusha
|
zāhumusha
|
azihumushanga
|
ezingahumushanga
|
zingahumushanga
|
Class 9
|
yāhumusha
|
eyāhumusha
|
yāhumusha
|
ayihumushanga
|
engahumushanga
|
ingahumushanga
|
Class 10
|
zāhumusha
|
ezāhumusha
|
zāhumusha
|
azihumushanga
|
ezingahumushanga
|
zingahumushanga
|
Class 11
|
lwāhumusha
|
olwāhumusha
|
lwāhumusha
|
aluhumushanga
|
olungahumushanga
|
lungahumushanga
|
Class 14
|
bāhumusha
|
obāhumusha
|
bāhumusha
|
abuhumushanga
|
obungahumushanga
|
bungahumushanga
|
Class 15
|
kwāhumusha
|
okwāhumusha
|
kwāhumusha
|
akuhumushanga
|
okungahumushanga
|
kungahumushanga
|
Class 17
|
kwāhumusha
|
okwāhumusha
|
kwāhumusha
|
akuhumushanga
|
okungahumushanga
|
kungahumushanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingahumusha
|
—
|
ngingahumusha
|
ngingehumushe
|
—
|
ngingehumushe
|
2nd singular
|
ungahumusha
|
—
|
ungahumusha
|
ungehumushe
|
—
|
ungehumushe
|
1st plural
|
singahumusha
|
—
|
singahumusha
|
singehumushe
|
—
|
singehumushe
|
2nd plural
|
ningahumusha
|
—
|
ningahumusha
|
ningehumushe
|
—
|
ningehumushe
|
Class 1
|
angahumusha
|
—
|
engahumusha
|
angehumushe
|
—
|
engehumushe
|
Class 2
|
bangahumusha
|
—
|
bengahumusha
|
bangehumushe
|
—
|
bengehumushe
|
Class 3
|
ungahumusha
|
—
|
ungahumusha
|
ungehumushe
|
—
|
ungehumushe
|
Class 4
|
ingahumusha
|
—
|
ingahumusha
|
ingehumushe
|
—
|
ingehumushe
|
Class 5
|
lingahumusha
|
—
|
lingahumusha
|
lingehumushe
|
—
|
lingehumushe
|
Class 6
|
angahumusha
|
—
|
engahumusha
|
angehumushe
|
—
|
engehumushe
|
Class 7
|
singahumusha
|
—
|
singahumusha
|
singehumushe
|
—
|
singehumushe
|
Class 8
|
zingahumusha
|
—
|
zingahumusha
|
zingehumushe
|
—
|
zingehumushe
|
Class 9
|
ingahumusha
|
—
|
ingahumusha
|
ingehumushe
|
—
|
ingehumushe
|
Class 10
|
zingahumusha
|
—
|
zingahumusha
|
zingehumushe
|
—
|
zingehumushe
|
Class 11
|
lungahumusha
|
—
|
lungahumusha
|
lungehumushe
|
—
|
lungehumushe
|
Class 14
|
bungahumusha
|
—
|
bungahumusha
|
bungehumushe
|
—
|
bungehumushe
|
Class 15
|
kungahumusha
|
—
|
kungahumusha
|
kungehumushe
|
—
|
kungehumushe
|
Class 17
|
kungahumusha
|
—
|
kungahumusha
|
kungehumushe
|
—
|
kungehumushe
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizohumusha
|
engizohumusha
|
ngizohumusha
|
angizuhumusha
|
engingezuhumusha
|
ngingezuhumusha
|
2nd singular
|
uzohumusha
|
ozohumusha
|
uzohumusha
|
awuzuhumusha
|
ongezuhumusha
|
ungezuhumusha
|
1st plural
|
sizohumusha
|
esizohumusha
|
sizohumusha
|
asizuhumusha
|
esingezuhumusha
|
singezuhumusha
|
2nd plural
|
nizohumusha
|
enizohumusha
|
nizohumusha
|
anizuhumusha
|
eningezuhumusha
|
ningezuhumusha
|
Class 1
|
uzohumusha
|
ozohumusha
|
ezohumusha
|
akazuhumusha
|
ongezuhumusha
|
engezuhumusha
|
Class 2
|
bazohumusha
|
abazohumusha
|
bezohumusha
|
abazuhumusha
|
abangezuhumusha
|
bengezuhumusha
|
Class 3
|
uzohumusha
|
ozohumusha
|
uzohumusha
|
awuzuhumusha
|
ongezuhumusha
|
ungezuhumusha
|
Class 4
|
izohumusha
|
ezohumusha
|
izohumusha
|
ayizuhumusha
|
engezuhumusha
|
ingezuhumusha
|
Class 5
|
lizohumusha
|
elizohumusha
|
lizohumusha
|
alizuhumusha
|
elingezuhumusha
|
lingezuhumusha
|
Class 6
|
azohumusha
|
azohumusha
|
ezohumusha
|
awazuhumusha
|
angezuhumusha
|
engezuhumusha
|
Class 7
|
sizohumusha
|
esizohumusha
|
sizohumusha
|
asizuhumusha
|
esingezuhumusha
|
singezuhumusha
|
Class 8
|
zizohumusha
|
ezizohumusha
|
zizohumusha
|
azizuhumusha
|
ezingezuhumusha
|
zingezuhumusha
|
Class 9
|
izohumusha
|
ezohumusha
|
izohumusha
|
ayizuhumusha
|
engezuhumusha
|
ingezuhumusha
|
Class 10
|
zizohumusha
|
ezizohumusha
|
zizohumusha
|
azizuhumusha
|
ezingezuhumusha
|
zingezuhumusha
|
Class 11
|
luzohumusha
|
oluzohumusha
|
luzohumusha
|
aluzuhumusha
|
olungezuhumusha
|
lungezuhumusha
|
Class 14
|
buzohumusha
|
obuzohumusha
|
buzohumusha
|
abuzuhumusha
|
obungezuhumusha
|
bungezuhumusha
|
Class 15
|
kuzohumusha
|
okuzohumusha
|
kuzohumusha
|
akuzuhumusha
|
okungezuhumusha
|
kungezuhumusha
|
Class 17
|
kuzohumusha
|
okuzohumusha
|
kuzohumusha
|
akuzuhumusha
|
okungezuhumusha
|
kungezuhumusha
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyohumusha
|
engiyohumusha
|
ngiyohumusha
|
angiyuhumusha
|
engingeyuhumusha
|
ngingeyuhumusha
|
2nd singular
|
uyohumusha
|
oyohumusha
|
uyohumusha
|
awuyuhumusha
|
ongeyuhumusha
|
ungeyuhumusha
|
1st plural
|
siyohumusha
|
esiyohumusha
|
siyohumusha
|
asiyuhumusha
|
esingeyuhumusha
|
singeyuhumusha
|
2nd plural
|
niyohumusha
|
eniyohumusha
|
niyohumusha
|
aniyuhumusha
|
eningeyuhumusha
|
ningeyuhumusha
|
Class 1
|
uyohumusha
|
oyohumusha
|
eyohumusha
|
akayuhumusha
|
ongeyuhumusha
|
engeyuhumusha
|
Class 2
|
bayohumusha
|
abayohumusha
|
beyohumusha
|
abayuhumusha
|
abangeyuhumusha
|
bengeyuhumusha
|
Class 3
|
uyohumusha
|
oyohumusha
|
uyohumusha
|
awuyuhumusha
|
ongeyuhumusha
|
ungeyuhumusha
|
Class 4
|
iyohumusha
|
eyohumusha
|
iyohumusha
|
ayiyuhumusha
|
engeyuhumusha
|
ingeyuhumusha
|
Class 5
|
liyohumusha
|
eliyohumusha
|
liyohumusha
|
aliyuhumusha
|
elingeyuhumusha
|
lingeyuhumusha
|
Class 6
|
ayohumusha
|
ayohumusha
|
eyohumusha
|
awayuhumusha
|
angeyuhumusha
|
engeyuhumusha
|
Class 7
|
siyohumusha
|
esiyohumusha
|
siyohumusha
|
asiyuhumusha
|
esingeyuhumusha
|
singeyuhumusha
|
Class 8
|
ziyohumusha
|
eziyohumusha
|
ziyohumusha
|
aziyuhumusha
|
ezingeyuhumusha
|
zingeyuhumusha
|
Class 9
|
iyohumusha
|
eyohumusha
|
iyohumusha
|
ayiyuhumusha
|
engeyuhumusha
|
ingeyuhumusha
|
Class 10
|
ziyohumusha
|
eziyohumusha
|
ziyohumusha
|
aziyuhumusha
|
ezingeyuhumusha
|
zingeyuhumusha
|
Class 11
|
luyohumusha
|
oluyohumusha
|
luyohumusha
|
aluyuhumusha
|
olungeyuhumusha
|
lungeyuhumusha
|
Class 14
|
buyohumusha
|
obuyohumusha
|
buyohumusha
|
abuyuhumusha
|
obungeyuhumusha
|
bungeyuhumusha
|
Class 15
|
kuyohumusha
|
okuyohumusha
|
kuyohumusha
|
akuyuhumusha
|
okungeyuhumusha
|
kungeyuhumusha
|
Class 17
|
kuyohumusha
|
okuyohumusha
|
kuyohumusha
|
akuyuhumusha
|
okungeyuhumusha
|
kungeyuhumusha
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngihumushe
|
ngingahumushi
|
2nd singular
|
uhumushe
|
ungahumushi
|
1st plural
|
sihumushe
|
singahumushi
|
2nd plural
|
nihumushe
|
ningahumushi
|
Class 1
|
ahumushe
|
angahumushi
|
Class 2
|
bahumushe
|
bangahumushi
|
Class 3
|
uhumushe
|
ungahumushi
|
Class 4
|
ihumushe
|
ingahumushi
|
Class 5
|
lihumushe
|
lingahumushi
|
Class 6
|
ahumushe
|
angahumushi
|
Class 7
|
sihumushe
|
singahumushi
|
Class 8
|
zihumushe
|
zingahumushi
|
Class 9
|
ihumushe
|
ingahumushi
|
Class 10
|
zihumushe
|
zingahumushi
|
Class 11
|
luhumushe
|
lungahumushi
|
Class 14
|
buhumushe
|
bungahumushi
|
Class 15
|
kuhumushe
|
kungahumushi
|
Class 17
|
kuhumushe
|
kungahumushi
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngahumusha
|
ngangahumusha, angahumusha, angangahumusha
|
2nd singular
|
wahumusha
|
wangahumusha, awahumusha, awangahumusha
|
1st plural
|
sahumusha
|
sangahumusha, asahumusha, asangahumusha
|
2nd plural
|
nahumusha
|
nangahumusha, anahumusha, anangahumusha
|
Class 1
|
wahumusha
|
wangahumusha, akahumusha, akangahumusha
|
Class 2
|
bahumusha
|
bangahumusha, abahumusha, abangahumusha
|
Class 3
|
wahumusha
|
wangahumusha, awahumusha, awangahumusha
|
Class 4
|
yahumusha
|
yangahumusha, ayahumusha, ayangahumusha
|
Class 5
|
lahumusha
|
langahumusha, alahumusha, alangahumusha
|
Class 6
|
ahumusha
|
angahumusha, awahumusha, awangahumusha
|
Class 7
|
sahumusha
|
sangahumusha, asahumusha, asangahumusha
|
Class 8
|
zahumusha
|
zangahumusha, azahumusha, azangahumusha
|
Class 9
|
yahumusha
|
yangahumusha, ayahumusha, ayangahumusha
|
Class 10
|
zahumusha
|
zangahumusha, azahumusha, azangahumusha
|
Class 11
|
lwahumusha
|
lwangahumusha, alwahumusha, alwangahumusha
|
Class 14
|
bahumusha
|
bangahumusha, abahumusha, abangahumusha
|
Class 15
|
kwahumusha
|
kwangahumusha, akwahumusha, akwangahumusha
|
Class 17
|
kwahumusha
|
kwangahumusha, akwahumusha, akwangahumusha
|