kelfa

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse kelfa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈcʰɛlva/
• Rhymes: -ɛlva

Verb

kelfa (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative kelfdi, supine kelft)

1. (intransitive) to calve
2. (transitive, with accusative, of cows) to impregnate

Conjugation

kelfa — active voice (germynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að kelfa
supine (sagnbót)		kelft
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		kelfandi
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég kelfi	við kelfum	present (nútíð)	ég kelfi	við kelfum
	þú kelfir	þið kelfið		þú kelfir	þið kelfið
	hann, hún, það kelfir	þeir, þær, þau kelfa		hann, hún, það kelfi	þeir, þær, þau kelfi
past (þátíð)	ég kelfdi	við kelfdum	past (þátíð)	ég kelfdi	við kelfdum
	þú kelfdir	þið kelfduð		þú kelfdir	þið kelfduð
	hann, hún, það kelfdi	þeir, þær, þau kelfdu		hann, hún, það kelfdi	þeir, þær, þau kelfdu
imperative (boðháttur)	kelf (þú)	kelfið (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	kelfdu	kelfiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

kelfast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að kelfast
supine (sagnbót)		kelfst
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		kelfandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég kelfist	við kelfumst	present (nútíð)	ég kelfist	við kelfumst
	þú kelfist	þið kelfist		þú kelfist	þið kelfist
	hann, hún, það kelfist	þeir, þær, þau kelfast		hann, hún, það kelfist	þeir, þær, þau kelfist
past (þátíð)	ég kelfdist	við kelfdumst	past (þátíð)	ég kelfdist	við kelfdumst
	þú kelfdist	þið kelfdust		þú kelfdist	þið kelfdust
	hann, hún, það kelfdist	þeir, þær, þau kelfdust		hann, hún, það kelfdist	þeir, þær, þau kelfdust
imperative (boðháttur)	kelfst (þú)	kelfist (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	kelfstu	kelfisti *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

kelfdur — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	kelfdur	kelfd	kelft		kelfdir	kelfdar	kelfd
accusative (þolfall)	kelfdan	kelfda	kelft		kelfda	kelfdar	kelfd
dative (þágufall)	kelfdum	kelfdri	kelfdu		kelfdum	kelfdum	kelfdum
genitive (eignarfall)	kelfds	kelfdrar	kelfds		kelfdra	kelfdra	kelfdra
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	kelfdi	kelfda	kelfda		kelfdu	kelfdu	kelfdu
accusative (þolfall)	kelfda	kelfdu	kelfda		kelfdu	kelfdu	kelfdu
dative (þágufall)	kelfda	kelfdu	kelfda		kelfdu	kelfdu	kelfdu
genitive (eignarfall)	kelfda	kelfdu	kelfda		kelfdu	kelfdu	kelfdu

Derived terms

• kelfing (“calving”)

Related terms

• kálfur (“calf”)

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kalbijaną, North Germanic variant of *kalbōną (“to calve”).

Verb

kelfa (singular past indicative kelfir, plural past indicative keldir, past participle keldr)

1. to calve

Conjugation

Conjugation of kelfa — active (weak class 1)

infinitive	kelfa
present participle	kelfandi
past participle	keldr
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	kelfi	kelda
2nd-person singular	kelfir	keldir
3rd-person singular	kelfir	keldi
1st-person plural	kelfum	keldum
2nd-person plural	kelfið	kelduð
3rd-person plural	kelfa	keldu
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	kelfa	kelda
2nd-person singular	kelfir	keldir
3rd-person singular	kelfi	keldi
1st-person plural	kelfim	keldim
2nd-person plural	kelfið	keldið
3rd-person plural	kelfi	keldi
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	kelf, kelfi
1st-person plural	kelfum
2nd-person plural	kelfið

Conjugation of kelfa — mediopassive (weak class 1)

infinitive	kelfask
present participle	kelfandisk
past participle	kelzk
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	kelfumk	keldumk
2nd-person singular	kelfisk	keldisk
3rd-person singular	kelfisk	keldisk
1st-person plural	kelfumsk	keldumsk
2nd-person plural	kelfizk	kelduzk
3rd-person plural	kelfask	keldusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	kelfumk	keldumk
2nd-person singular	kelfisk	keldisk
3rd-person singular	kelfisk	keldisk
1st-person plural	kelfimsk	keldimsk
2nd-person plural	kelfizk	keldizk
3rd-person plural	kelfisk	keldisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	kelfsk, kelfisk
1st-person plural	kelfumsk
2nd-person plural	kelfizk

Related terms

• kalfr m (“calf”)

Descendants

• Icelandic: kelfa
• Norwegian Nynorsk: kjelva, kjelve
  • → Scots: kail, kel
• Danish: kælve

References

• “kelfa”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press