kyrkja

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse kyrkja, kvirkja, from Proto-Germanic *kwirkijaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈcʰɪr̥ca/
• Rhymes: -ɪr̥ca
• Homophone: kirkja

Verb

kyrkja (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative kyrkti, supine kyrkt)

1. (transitive, with accusative) to strangle, to choke

   Synonym: kæfa

Conjugation

kyrkja — active voice (germynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að kyrkja
supine (sagnbót)		kyrkt
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		kyrkjandi
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég kyrki	við kyrkjum	present (nútíð)	ég kyrki	við kyrkjum
	þú kyrkir	þið kyrkið		þú kyrkir	þið kyrkið
	hann, hún, það kyrkir	þeir, þær, þau kyrkja		hann, hún, það kyrki	þeir, þær, þau kyrki
past (þátíð)	ég kyrkti	við kyrktum	past (þátíð)	ég kyrkti	við kyrktum
	þú kyrktir	þið kyrktuð		þú kyrktir	þið kyrktuð
	hann, hún, það kyrkti	þeir, þær, þau kyrktu		hann, hún, það kyrkti	þeir, þær, þau kyrktu
imperative (boðháttur)	kyrk (þú)	kyrkið (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	kyrktu	kyrkiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

kyrkjast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að kyrkjast
supine (sagnbót)		kyrkst
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		kyrkjandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég kyrkist	við kyrkjumst	present (nútíð)	ég kyrkist	við kyrkjumst
	þú kyrkist	þið kyrkist		þú kyrkist	þið kyrkist
	hann, hún, það kyrkist	þeir, þær, þau kyrkjast		hann, hún, það kyrkist	þeir, þær, þau kyrkist
past (þátíð)	ég kyrktist	við kyrktumst	past (þátíð)	ég kyrktist	við kyrktumst
	þú kyrktist	þið kyrktust		þú kyrktist	þið kyrktust
	hann, hún, það kyrktist	þeir, þær, þau kyrktust		hann, hún, það kyrktist	þeir, þær, þau kyrktust
imperative (boðháttur)	kyrkst (þú)	kyrkist (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	kyrkstu	kyrkisti *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

kyrktur — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	kyrktur	kyrkt	kyrkt		kyrktir	kyrktar	kyrkt
accusative (þolfall)	kyrktan	kyrkta	kyrkt		kyrkta	kyrktar	kyrkt
dative (þágufall)	kyrktum	kyrktri	kyrktu		kyrktum	kyrktum	kyrktum
genitive (eignarfall)	kyrkts	kyrktrar	kyrkts		kyrktra	kyrktra	kyrktra
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	kyrkti	kyrkta	kyrkta		kyrktu	kyrktu	kyrktu
accusative (þolfall)	kyrkta	kyrktu	kyrkta		kyrktu	kyrktu	kyrktu
dative (þágufall)	kyrkta	kyrktu	kyrkta		kyrktu	kyrktu	kyrktu
genitive (eignarfall)	kyrkta	kyrktu	kyrkta		kyrktu	kyrktu	kyrktu

Derived terms

• kyrking (“strangulation”)
• kyrkingur (“stunted growth, atrophy”)
• kyrkislanga (“boa constrictor”)

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• kyrkje

Etymology 1

From Old Norse kirkja, kyrkja, from Old English cirice, from Proto-West Germanic *kirikā, from Byzantine Greek κυριακόν (δόμα) (kuriakón (dóma), “Lord's (house)”), from Ancient Greek κύριος (kúrios, “lord”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²çʏrçɑ/

Noun

kyrkja f (definite singular kyrkja, indefinite plural kyrkjer or kyrkjor, definite plural kyrkjene or kyrkjone)

1. a church ((pre-2012) alternative form of kyrkje)

Noun

kyrkja f sg

1. definite feminine singular of kyrkje

Etymology 2

From Old Norse kyrkja, from Proto-Germanic *kwirkijaną.

Alternative forms

• kyrkje (e-infinitive)
• kyrka, kyrke (either infinitive without j-infix)

Verb

kyrkja (present tense kyrkjer, past tense kyrkte, past participle kyrkt, passive infinitive kyrkjast, present participle kyrkjande, imperative kyrk)

1. (transitive) to strangle

Related terms

• kverk m
• kverka

References

• “kyrkja” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *kwirkijaną (“to strangle”).

Alternative forms

• kvirkja

Verb

kyrkja (singular past indicative kyrkti, plural past indicative kyrktu, past participle kyrktr)

1. (transitive) to choke, strangle

Conjugation

Conjugation of kyrkja — active (weak class 1)

infinitive	kyrkja
present participle	kyrkjandi
past participle	kyrktr
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	kyrki	kyrkta
2nd-person singular	kyrkir	kyrktir
3rd-person singular	kyrkir	kyrkti
1st-person plural	kyrkjum	kyrktum
2nd-person plural	kyrkið	kyrktuð
3rd-person plural	kyrkja	kyrktu
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	kyrkja	kyrkta
2nd-person singular	kyrkir	kyrktir
3rd-person singular	kyrki	kyrkti
1st-person plural	kyrkim	kyrktim
2nd-person plural	kyrkið	kyrktið
3rd-person plural	kyrki	kyrkti
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	kyrk, kyrki
1st-person plural	kyrkjum
2nd-person plural	kyrkið

Conjugation of kyrkja — mediopassive (weak class 1)

infinitive	kyrkjask
present participle	kyrkjandisk
past participle	kyrzk
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	kyrkjumk	kyrktumk
2nd-person singular	kyrkisk	kyrktisk
3rd-person singular	kyrkisk	kyrktisk
1st-person plural	kyrkjumsk	kyrktumsk
2nd-person plural	kyrkizk	kyrktuzk
3rd-person plural	kyrkjask	kyrktusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	kyrkjumk	kyrktumk
2nd-person singular	kyrkisk	kyrktisk
3rd-person singular	kyrkisk	kyrktisk
1st-person plural	kyrkimsk	kyrktimsk
2nd-person plural	kyrkizk	kyrktizk
3rd-person plural	kyrkisk	kyrktisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	kyrksk, kyrkisk
1st-person plural	kyrkjumsk
2nd-person plural	kyrkizk

Related terms

• kverk f

Descendants

• Icelandic: kyrkja
• Norwegian Nynorsk: kyrka, kyrke, kyrkja, kyrkje, kjørkje
• Swedish: kyrka

Etymology 2

Noun

kyrkja f (genitive kyrkju)

1. Alternative form of kirkja

Declension

  Declension of kyrkja (weak jōn-stem)

feminine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	kyrkja	kyrkjan	kyrkjur	kyrkjurnar
accusative	kyrkju	kyrkjuna	kyrkjur	kyrkjurnar
dative	kyrkju	kyrkjunni	kyrkjum	kyrkjunum
genitive	kyrkju	kyrkjunnar	kyrkja	kyrkjanna

References

• “kyrkja”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press