lykja
Icelandic edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
lykja (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative lukti, supine lukið)
Conjugation edit
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lykja — active voice (germynd)
| infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að lykja | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine (sagnbót) |
lukið | ||||
| present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
lykjandi | ||||
| indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
| present (nútíð) |
ég lyk | við lykjum | present (nútíð) |
ég lyki | við lykjum |
| þú lykur | þið lykið | þú lykir | þið lykið | ||
| hann, hún, það lykur | þeir, þær, þau lykja | hann, hún, það lyki | þeir, þær, þau lyki | ||
| past (þátíð) |
ég lukti | við luktum | past (þátíð) |
ég lykti | við lyktum |
| þú luktir | þið luktuð | þú lyktir | þið lyktuð | ||
| hann, hún, það lukti | þeir, þær, þau luktu | hann, hún, það lykti | þeir, þær, þau lyktu | ||
| imperative (boðháttur) |
lyk (þú) | lykið (þið) | |||
| Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
| lyktu | lykiði * | ||||
| * Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. | |||||
| infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að lykjast | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine (sagnbót) |
lukist | ||||
| present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
lykjandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
| indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
| present (nútíð) |
ég lykst | við lykjumst | present (nútíð) |
ég lykjist | við lykjumst |
| þú lykst | þið lykjist | þú lykjist | þið lykjist | ||
| hann, hún, það lykst | þeir, þær, þau lykjast | hann, hún, það lykjist | þeir, þær, þau lykjist | ||
| past (þátíð) |
ég luktist | við luktumst | past (þátíð) |
ég lyktist | við lyktumst |
| þú luktist | þið luktust | þú lyktist | þið lyktust | ||
| hann, hún, það luktist | þeir, þær, þau luktust | hann, hún, það lyktist | þeir, þær, þau lyktust | ||
| imperative (boðháttur) |
lykst (þú) | lykist (þið) | |||
| Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
| lykstu | lykisti * | ||||
| * Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. | |||||
lukinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
| strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
| nominative (nefnifall) |
lukinn | lukin | lukið | luktir | luktar | lukin | |
| accusative (þolfall) |
lukinn | lukta | lukið | lukta | luktar | lukin | |
| dative (þágufall) |
luktum | lukinni | luktu | luktum | luktum | luktum | |
| genitive (eignarfall) |
lukins | lukinnar | lukins | lukinna | lukinna | lukinna | |
| weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
| masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
| nominative (nefnifall) |
lukti | lukta | lukta | luktu | luktu | luktu | |
| accusative (þolfall) |
lukta | luktu | lukta | luktu | luktu | luktu | |
| dative (þágufall) |
lukta | luktu | lukta | luktu | luktu | luktu | |
| genitive (eignarfall) |
lukta | luktu | lukta | luktu | luktu | luktu | |
Synonyms edit
Noun edit
lykja f (genitive singular lykju, nominative plural lykjur)
Declension edit
declension of lykja
Synonyms edit
Old Norse edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *lukjaną (“to close, shut”) (see the related *lūkaną), from Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“to bend, fold, turn”). Doublet of lúka.
Verb edit
lykja (singular past indicative lukti, plural past indicative luktu, past participle luktr)
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of lykja — active (weak class 1)
| infinitive | lykja | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | lykjandi | |
| past participle | luktr | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | lyk | lukta |
| 2nd-person singular | lykr | luktir |
| 3rd-person singular | lykr | lukti |
| 1st-person plural | lykjum | luktum |
| 2nd-person plural | lykið | luktuð |
| 3rd-person plural | lykja | luktu |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | lykja | lykta |
| 2nd-person singular | lykir | lyktir |
| 3rd-person singular | lyki | lykti |
| 1st-person plural | lykim | lyktim |
| 2nd-person plural | lykið | lyktið |
| 3rd-person plural | lyki | lykti |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | lyk | |
| 1st-person plural | lykjum | |
| 2nd-person plural | lykið | |
Conjugation of lykja — mediopassive (weak class 1)
| infinitive | lykjask | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | lykjandisk | |
| past participle | lykzk | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | lykjumk | luktumk |
| 2nd-person singular | lyksk | luktisk |
| 3rd-person singular | lyksk | luktisk |
| 1st-person plural | lykjumsk | luktumsk |
| 2nd-person plural | lykizk | luktuzk |
| 3rd-person plural | lykjask | luktusk |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | lykjumk | lyktumk |
| 2nd-person singular | lykisk | lyktisk |
| 3rd-person singular | lykisk | lyktisk |
| 1st-person plural | lykimsk | lyktimsk |
| 2nd-person plural | lykizk | lyktizk |
| 3rd-person plural | lykisk | lyktisk |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | lyksk | |
| 1st-person plural | lykjumsk | |
| 2nd-person plural | lykizk | |
Descendants edit
References edit
- “lykja”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press