Pali

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Pali ordinal numbers
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    Cardinal : eka
    Ordinal : paṭhama

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Sanskrit प्रथम (prathama). The retroflexion is caused by assimilation to the r before it was dropped.

Numeral

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paṭhama

  1. first

Adjective

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paṭhama

  1. primary, first
  2. foremost
  3. (grammar) When qualifying purisa (person), it translates as “third”.
    • c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar]‎[1], page 252; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
      नामम्हि पयुज्जमानेपि अप्पयुज्ज्मानेपि तुल्याधिकरणे पठमो पुरिसो होति।
      Nāmamhi payujjamānepi appayujjamānepi tulyādhikaraṇe paṭhamo puriso hoti.
      The third person is used when in agreement with a noun be it expressed or unexpressed.

Declension

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Descendants

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  • Burmese: ပထမ (pa.hta.ma.)
  • Mon: ပထမ (paˀtəmaˀ, paˀthaˀmaˀ)
  • Khmer: បឋម (paʼthɑm)
  • Thai: ปฐม (bpà-tǒm)

References

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  • Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “paṭhama”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead
  • Warder A.K. (2001) Introduction to Pali (overall work in English), Oxford: The Pali Text Society, page 125