प्रथम
Hindi
edit10 | ||||
← 0 | १ 1 |
2 → [a], [b], [c] | 10 → | |
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Cardinal: एक (ek) Ordinal: पहला (pahlā), पहिला (pahilā), प्रथम (pratham) Fractional: पूरा (pūrā) |
Etymology
editBorrowed from Sanskrit प्रथम (prathamá).
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editप्रथम • (pratham) (indeclinable)
- first, foremost
- Synonym: पहला (pahlā)
- preeminent
Maithili
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Sanskrit प्रथम (prathama).
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editप्रथम • (pratham)
Marathi
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Sanskrit प्रथम (prathamá).
Adjective
editप्रथम • (pratham)
Adverb
editप्रथम • (pratham)
References
edit- Berntsen, Maxine, “प्रथम”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “प्रथम”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
Sanskrit
editAlternative scripts
editAlternative scripts
- প্ৰথম (Assamese script)
- ᬧ᭄ᬭᬣᬫ (Balinese script)
- প্রথম (Bengali script)
- 𑰢𑰿𑰨𑰞𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀧𑁆𑀭𑀣𑀫 (Brahmi script)
- ပြထမ (Burmese script)
- પ્રથમ (Gujarati script)
- ਪ੍ਰਥਮ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌪𑍍𑌰𑌥𑌮 (Grantha script)
- ꦥꦿꦡꦩ (Javanese script)
- 𑂣𑂹𑂩𑂟𑂧 (Kaithi script)
- ಪ್ರಥಮ (Kannada script)
- ប្រថម (Khmer script)
- ປ຺ຣຖມ (Lao script)
- പ്രഥമ (Malayalam script)
- ᢒᡵᠠᡨᠠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘢𑘿𑘨𑘞𑘦 (Modi script)
- ᢒᠷᠠᠲᠠᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧂𑧠𑧈𑦾𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐠𑐩 (Newa script)
- ପ୍ରଥମ (Odia script)
- ꢦ꣄ꢬꢢꢪ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆥𑇀𑆫𑆡𑆩 (Sharada script)
- 𑖢𑖿𑖨𑖞𑖦 (Siddham script)
- ප්රථම (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩰 𑪙𑩼𑩬𑩴 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚞𑚶𑚤𑚚𑚢 (Takri script)
- ப்ரத²ம (Tamil script)
- ప్రథమ (Telugu script)
- ปฺรถม (Thai script)
- པྲ་ཐ་མ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒣𑓂𑒩𑒟𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨞𑩇𑨫𑨚𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
editInherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pratʰamás (“first, foremost”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-tm̥mós (“foremost”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀 (fratəma), Old Persian 𐎳𐎼𐎫𐎶𐎠 (f-r-t-m-a /fratama/), Old Armenian փարթամ (pʻartʻam).
Pronunciation
edit10 | ||||
१ 1 |
2 → | 10 → | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Cardinal: एक (eka) Ordinal: प्रथम (prathama) Multiplier: एकधा (ekadhā) Distributive: एकशस् (ekaśas) |
Adjective
editप्रथम • (prathamá) stem
- foremost, first (in time or in a series or in rank)
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.109.1:
- ते॑ऽवदन्प्रथमा ब्र॑ह्मकिल्बि॒षेऽकू॑पारः सलि॒लो मा॑त॒रिश्वा॑।
वी॒ळुह॑रा॒स्तप॑ उ॒ग्रो म॑यो॒भूरापो॑ दे॒वीः प्र॑थम॒जा ऋ॒तेन॑॥- tèʼvadanprathamā brahmakilbiṣéʼkūpāraḥ saliló mātaríśvā.
vīḷúharāstápa ugró mayobhū́rā́po devī́ḥ prathamajā́ ṛténa. - These first, the boundless Sea, and Matarisvan, fierce-glowing Fire, the Strong, the Bliss-bestower.
And heavenly Floods, first-born by holy Order, exclaimed against the outrage on a Brahmin.
- tèʼvadanprathamā brahmakilbiṣéʼkūpāraḥ saliló mātaríśvā.
- ते॑ऽवदन्प्रथमा ब्र॑ह्मकिल्बि॒षेऽकू॑पारः सलि॒लो मा॑त॒रिश्वा॑।
- earliest, primary, original, prior, former
- often translatable adverbially in the beginning of a compound; see especially प्रथमम् (prathamam), प्रथमात् (prathamāt)
Declension
editMasculine a-stem declension of प्रथम (prathamá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | प्रथमः prathamáḥ |
प्रथमौ / प्रथमा¹ prathamaú / prathamā́¹ |
प्रथमाः / प्रथमासः¹ prathamā́ḥ / prathamā́saḥ¹ |
Vocative | प्रथम práthama |
प्रथमौ / प्रथमा¹ práthamau / práthamā¹ |
प्रथमाः / प्रथमासः¹ práthamāḥ / práthamāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | प्रथमम् prathamám |
प्रथमौ / प्रथमा¹ prathamaú / prathamā́¹ |
प्रथमान् prathamā́n |
Instrumental | प्रथमेन prathaména |
प्रथमाभ्याम् prathamā́bhyām |
प्रथमैः / प्रथमेभिः¹ prathamaíḥ / prathamébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | प्रथमाय prathamā́ya |
प्रथमाभ्याम् prathamā́bhyām |
प्रथमेभ्यः prathamébhyaḥ |
Ablative | प्रथमात् prathamā́t |
प्रथमाभ्याम् prathamā́bhyām |
प्रथमेभ्यः prathamébhyaḥ |
Genitive | प्रथमस्य prathamásya |
प्रथमयोः prathamáyoḥ |
प्रथमानाम् prathamā́nām |
Locative | प्रथमे prathamé |
प्रथमयोः prathamáyoḥ |
प्रथमेषु prathaméṣu |
Notes |
|
Feminine ā-stem declension of प्रथमा (prathamā́) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | प्रथमा prathamā́ |
प्रथमे prathamé |
प्रथमाः prathamā́ḥ |
Vocative | प्रथमे práthame |
प्रथमे práthame |
प्रथमाः práthamāḥ |
Accusative | प्रथमाम् prathamā́m |
प्रथमे prathamé |
प्रथमाः prathamā́ḥ |
Instrumental | प्रथमया / प्रथमा¹ prathamáyā / prathamā́¹ |
प्रथमाभ्याम् prathamā́bhyām |
प्रथमाभिः prathamā́bhiḥ |
Dative | प्रथमायै prathamā́yai |
प्रथमाभ्याम् prathamā́bhyām |
प्रथमाभ्यः prathamā́bhyaḥ |
Ablative | प्रथमायाः / प्रथमायै² prathamā́yāḥ / prathamā́yai² |
प्रथमाभ्याम् prathamā́bhyām |
प्रथमाभ्यः prathamā́bhyaḥ |
Genitive | प्रथमायाः / प्रथमायै² prathamā́yāḥ / prathamā́yai² |
प्रथमयोः prathamáyoḥ |
प्रथमानाम् prathamā́nām |
Locative | प्रथमायाम् prathamā́yām |
प्रथमयोः prathamáyoḥ |
प्रथमासु prathamā́su |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of प्रथम (prathamá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | प्रथमम् prathamám |
प्रथमे prathamé |
प्रथमानि / प्रथमा¹ prathamā́ni / prathamā́¹ |
Vocative | प्रथम práthama |
प्रथमे práthame |
प्रथमानि / प्रथमा¹ práthamāni / práthamā¹ |
Accusative | प्रथमम् prathamám |
प्रथमे prathamé |
प्रथमानि / प्रथमा¹ prathamā́ni / prathamā́¹ |
Instrumental | प्रथमेन prathaména |
प्रथमाभ्याम् prathamā́bhyām |
प्रथमैः / प्रथमेभिः¹ prathamaíḥ / prathamébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | प्रथमाय prathamā́ya |
प्रथमाभ्याम् prathamā́bhyām |
प्रथमेभ्यः prathamébhyaḥ |
Ablative | प्रथमात् prathamā́t |
प्रथमाभ्याम् prathamā́bhyām |
प्रथमेभ्यः prathamébhyaḥ |
Genitive | प्रथमस्य prathamásya |
प्रथमयोः prathamáyoḥ |
प्रथमानाम् prathamā́nām |
Locative | प्रथमे prathamé |
प्रथमयोः prathamáyoḥ |
प्रथमेषु prathaméṣu |
Notes |
|
Descendants
edit- Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀧𑁆𑀭𑀣𑀫 (*prathama)
- Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀧𑀞𑀫 (*paṭhama)
- Pali: paṭhama (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀧𑁆𑀭𑀣𑀺𑀮 (*prathila), *𑀧𑁆𑀭𑀣𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀮 (*prathilla) (reanalysis of प्रथम (prathama) as प्रथ (pratha) + -म (-ma) and replacement of -म (-ma) with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀮𑁆𑀮- (-illa-))
- → Old Javanese: prathama
Noun
editप्रथम • (prathamá) stem, m
- (grammar) (namely वर्ण (varṇa)) the first consonant of a वर्ग (varga), a surd unaspirate letter
- (grammar) (namely पुरुष (puruṣa)) the first (in Western grammar terminology, the 3rd) person or its terminations
- (namely स्वर (svara)) the first tone
- (mathematics) the sum of the products divided by the difference between the squares of the cosine of the azimuth and the sine of the amplitude
- the first tithi of each lunar fortnight
Declension
editMasculine a-stem declension of प्रथम (prathamá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | प्रथमः prathamáḥ |
प्रथमौ / प्रथमा¹ prathamaú / prathamā́¹ |
प्रथमाः / प्रथमासः¹ prathamā́ḥ / prathamā́saḥ¹ |
Vocative | प्रथम práthama |
प्रथमौ / प्रथमा¹ práthamau / práthamā¹ |
प्रथमाः / प्रथमासः¹ práthamāḥ / práthamāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | प्रथमम् prathamám |
प्रथमौ / प्रथमा¹ prathamaú / prathamā́¹ |
प्रथमान् prathamā́n |
Instrumental | प्रथमेन prathaména |
प्रथमाभ्याम् prathamā́bhyām |
प्रथमैः / प्रथमेभिः¹ prathamaíḥ / prathamébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | प्रथमाय prathamā́ya |
प्रथमाभ्याम् prathamā́bhyām |
प्रथमेभ्यः prathamébhyaḥ |
Ablative | प्रथमात् prathamā́t |
प्रथमाभ्याम् prathamā́bhyām |
प्रथमेभ्यः prathamébhyaḥ |
Genitive | प्रथमस्य prathamásya |
प्रथमयोः prathamáyoḥ |
प्रथमानाम् prathamā́nām |
Locative | प्रथमे prathamé |
प्रथमयोः prathamáyoḥ |
प्रथमेषु prathaméṣu |
Notes |
|
Borrowed terms
edit- → Bengali: প্রথম (prothom)
- → Hindi: प्रथम (pratham)
- → Kannada: ಪ್ರಥಮ (prathama)
- → Maithili: प्रथम (pratham)
- → Malay: pertama
- Indonesian: pertama
- → Marathi: प्रथम (pratham)
- → Nepali: प्रथम (pratham)
- → Old Javanese: prathama
- → Punjabi: ਪ੍ਰਥਮ (prtham)
- → Sinhalese: ප්රථම (prathama)
- → Tamil: பிரதமம் (piratamam)
- → Telugu: ప్రథమము (prathamamu)
- → Thai: ประถม (bprà-tǒm)
References
edit- Monier Williams (1899) “प्रथम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 678/3.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 179
Categories:
- Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi adjectives
- Hindi indeclinable adjectives
- Maithili terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Maithili terms derived from Sanskrit
- Maithili terms with IPA pronunciation
- Maithili lemmas
- Maithili adjectives
- Marathi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Marathi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Marathi lemmas
- Marathi adjectives
- Marathi adverbs
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit adjectives
- Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit masculine nouns
- sa:Grammar
- sa:Mathematics
- Sanskrit a-stem nouns