poenydio
Welsh
editEtymology
editPossibly from penydio (“to punish, to torment”) influenced by poen (“pain”).
Pronunciation
edit- (North Wales) IPA(key): /pɔɨ̯ˈnədjɔ/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /pɔi̯ˈnədjɔ/
Verb
editpoenydio (first-person singular present poenydiaf)
Conjugation
editConjugation (literary)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | poenydiiaf | poenydii | poenydiia | poenydiiwn | poenydiiwch | poenydiiant | poenydiir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | poenydiiwn | poenydiit | poenydiiai | poenydiiem | poenydiiech | poenydiient | poenydiid | |
preterite | poenydiiais | poenydiiaist | poenydiiodd | poenydiiasom | poenydiiasoch | poenydiiasant | poenydiiwyd | |
pluperfect | poenydiiaswn | poenydiiasit | poenydiiasai | poenydiiasem | poenydiiasech | poenydiiasent | poenydiiasid, poenydiiesid | |
present subjunctive | poenydiiwyf | poenydiiech | poenydiio | poenydiiom | poenydiioch | poenydiiont | poenydiier | |
imperative | — | poenydiia | poenydiied | poenydiiwn | poenydiiwch | poenydiient | poenydiier | |
verbal noun | poenydio | |||||||
verbal adjectives | poenydiiedig poenydiiadwy |
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | poenydia i, poenydiaf i | poenydi di | poenydith o/e/hi, poenydiff e/hi | poenydiwn ni | poenydiwch chi | poenydian nhw |
conditional | poenydiwn i, poenydswn i | poenydiet ti, poenydset ti | poenydiai fo/fe/hi, poenydsai fo/fe/hi | poenydien ni, poenydsen ni | poenydiech chi, poenydsech chi | poenydien nhw, poenydsen nhw |
preterite | poenydiais i, poenydies i | poenydiaist ti, poenydiest ti | poenydiodd o/e/hi | poenydion ni | poenydioch chi | poenydion nhw |
imperative | — | poenydia | — | — | poenydiwch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |
Derived terms
edit- poenydiwr (“tormentor, torturer”)
Mutation
editWelsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
poenydio | boenydio | mhoenydio | phoenydio |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
edit- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “poenydio”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies