pulma
Esperanto edit
Adjective edit
pulma (accusative singular pulman, plural pulmaj, accusative plural pulmajn)
Related terms edit
Estonian edit
Noun edit
pulma
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
Unknown origin. Probably cognate with Ingrian pulmalliin (“difficult”). The nature of a relationship with Estonian pulm (plural pulmad), Ingrian pulmat and Votic pulmõd (all "wedding") is unclear, but a semantic development from an original meaning "noise, racket, ruckus" may be possible.[1] Alternatively, an obscured derivational relationship to pula (“shortage, crisis”) may be possible, in which case the Finnish word is not related to those aforementioned words meaning "wedding".
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
pulma
- trouble, problem
- Synonym: ongelma
- dilemma, conundrum (difficult choice or decision that must be made)
- puzzle, riddle, brain-teaser, conundrum (difficult question or riddle)
- Synonym: ongelma
Declension edit
Inflection of pulma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | pulma | pulmat | ||
genitive | pulman | pulmien | ||
partitive | pulmaa | pulmia | ||
illative | pulmaan | pulmiin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | pulma | pulmat | ||
accusative | nom. | pulma | pulmat | |
gen. | pulman | |||
genitive | pulman | pulmien pulmainrare | ||
partitive | pulmaa | pulmia | ||
inessive | pulmassa | pulmissa | ||
elative | pulmasta | pulmista | ||
illative | pulmaan | pulmiin | ||
adessive | pulmalla | pulmilla | ||
ablative | pulmalta | pulmilta | ||
allative | pulmalle | pulmille | ||
essive | pulmana | pulmina | ||
translative | pulmaksi | pulmiksi | ||
abessive | pulmatta | pulmitta | ||
instructive | — | pulmin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms edit
compounds
References edit
Further reading edit
- “pulma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03