râper

See also: raper

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French râper, rasper, from Old French rasper, from Early Medieval Latin raspāre (“to scrape; rake”), from Frankish *hraspōn, from Proto-Germanic *hraspōną, a derivative of Proto-Germanic *hrespaną (“to tear”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krebʰ- (“to turn; bend; shrink”).

Romance cognates include Occitan, Catalan, Spanish, and Portuguese raspar and Italian raspare. Related to Old High German raspōn (“to rake, gather”), Old English ġehrespan (“to plunder”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʁa.pe/ ~ /ʁɑ.pe/
Audio (Quebec, Montreal): (file)
Homophones: rapée, râpez, râpai, râpé, râpée, râpés, râpées

Verb

râper

to grate (e.g. cheese)
to shave (e.g. wood)

Conjugation

Conjugation of râper (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	compound	avoir + past participle
infinitive	simple	râper
present participle or gerund¹	simple	râpant /ʁa.pɑ̃/ or /ʁɑ.pɑ̃/
present participle or gerund¹	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		râpé /ʁa.pe/ or /ʁɑ.pe/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	râpe /ʁap/ or /ʁɑp/	râpes /ʁap/ or /ʁɑp/	râpe /ʁap/ or /ʁɑp/	râpons /ʁa.pɔ̃/ or /ʁɑ.pɔ̃/	râpez /ʁa.pe/ or /ʁɑ.pe/	râpent /ʁap/ or /ʁɑp/
	imperfect	râpais /ʁa.pɛ/ or /ʁɑ.pɛ/	râpais /ʁa.pɛ/ or /ʁɑ.pɛ/	râpait /ʁa.pɛ/ or /ʁɑ.pɛ/	râpions /ʁa.pjɔ̃/ or /ʁɑ.pjɔ̃/	râpiez /ʁa.pje/ or /ʁɑ.pje/	râpaient /ʁa.pɛ/ or /ʁɑ.pɛ/
	past historic²	râpai /ʁa.pe/ or /ʁɑ.pe/	râpas /ʁa.pa/ or /ʁɑ.pa/	râpa /ʁa.pa/ or /ʁɑ.pa/	râpâmes /ʁa.pam/ or /ʁɑ.pam/	râpâtes /ʁa.pat/ or /ʁɑ.pat/	râpèrent /ʁa.pɛʁ/ or /ʁɑ.pɛʁ/
	future	râperai /ʁa.pʁe/ or /ʁɑ.pʁe/	râperas /ʁa.pʁa/ or /ʁɑ.pʁa/	râpera /ʁa.pʁa/ or /ʁɑ.pʁa/	râperons /ʁa.pʁɔ̃/ or /ʁɑ.pʁɔ̃/	râperez /ʁa.pʁe/ or /ʁɑ.pʁe/	râperont /ʁa.pʁɔ̃/ or /ʁɑ.pʁɔ̃/
	conditional	râperais /ʁa.pʁɛ/ or /ʁɑ.pʁɛ/	râperais /ʁa.pʁɛ/ or /ʁɑ.pʁɛ/	râperait /ʁa.pʁɛ/ or /ʁɑ.pʁɛ/	râperions /ʁa.pə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ʁɑ.pə.ʁjɔ̃/	râperiez /ʁa.pə.ʁje/ or /ʁɑ.pə.ʁje/	râperaient /ʁa.pʁɛ/ or /ʁɑ.pʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior²	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	râpe /ʁap/ or /ʁɑp/	râpes /ʁap/ or /ʁɑp/	râpe /ʁap/ or /ʁɑp/	râpions /ʁa.pjɔ̃/ or /ʁɑ.pjɔ̃/	râpiez /ʁa.pje/ or /ʁɑ.pje/	râpent /ʁap/ or /ʁɑp/
(simple tenses)	imperfect²	râpasse /ʁa.pas/ or /ʁɑ.pas/	râpasses /ʁa.pas/ or /ʁɑ.pas/	râpât /ʁa.pa/ or /ʁɑ.pa/	râpassions /ʁa.pa.sjɔ̃/ or /ʁɑ.pa.sjɔ̃/	râpassiez /ʁa.pa.sje/ or /ʁɑ.pa.sje/	râpassent /ʁa.pas/ or /ʁɑ.pas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
(compound tenses)	pluperfect²	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	~~nous~~	~~vous~~	–
simple		—	râpe /ʁap/ or /ʁɑp/	—	râpons /ʁa.pɔ̃/ or /ʁɑ.pɔ̃/	râpez /ʁa.pe/ or /ʁɑ.pe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
¹ The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
² In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Related terms

Anagrams

parer