refraindre

Old French

Alternative forms

• refreindre

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *refrangere, from Latin refringere, present active infinitive of refringō.

Verb

refraindre

1. (transitive) to hold back, to restrain
2. (reflexive, se refraindre) to restrain oneself, to refrain

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb ends in a palatal stem, so there is an extra i before the e of some endings. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of refraindre (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		refraindre			avoir refraint
gerund		en refraignant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		refraignant
past participle		refraint
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	refraing	refrainz	refraint	refraignons	refraigniez	refraignent
	imperfect	refraignoie, refraigneie	refraignoies, refraigneies	refraignoit, refraigneit	refraigniiens, refraigniens	refraigniiez, refraigniez	refraignoient, refraigneient
	preterite	refrains	refrainsis	refrainst	refrainsimes	refrainsistes	refrainstrent
	future	refraindrai	refraindras	refraindra	refraindrons	refraindroiz, refraindreiz, refraindrez	refraindront
	conditional	refraindroie, refraindreie	refraindroies, refraindreies	refraindroit, refraindreit	refraindriiens, refraindriens	refraindriiez, refraindriez	refraindroient, refraindreient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	refraigne	refraignes	refraigne	refraigniens, refraignons	refraigniez	refraignent
	imperfect	refrainsisse	refrainsisses	refrainsist	refrainsissons, refrainsissiens	refrainsissoiz, refrainsissez, refrainsissiez	refrainsissent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	refraing	—	refraignons	refraigniez	—

Descendants

• → English: refrain
• French: refrain