rhwystro

Welsh

Etymology

Compare Breton rouestl (“confusion”).

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈr̥ʊɨ̯sdrɔ/, [ˈr̥ʰʊɨ̯strɔ]
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈr̥ʊi̯sdrɔ/, [ˈr̥ʰʊi̯strɔ]

Verb

rhwystro (first-person singular present rhwystraf)

1. (transitive) to prevent, to hinder, to impede

   Synonyms: atal, llesteirio, lluddias

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	rhwystraf	rhwystri	rhwystra	rhwystrwn	rhwystrwch	rhwystrant	rhwystrir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	rhwystrwn	rhwystrit	rhwystrai	rhwystrem	rhwystrech	rhwystrent	rhwystrid
preterite	rhwystrais	rhwystraist	rhwystrodd	rhwystrasom	rhwystrasoch	rhwystrasant	rhwystrwyd
pluperfect	rhwystraswn	rhwystrasit	rhwystrasai	rhwystrasem	rhwystrasech	rhwystrasent	rhwystrasid, rhwystresid
present subjunctive	rhwystrwyf	rhwystrych	rhwystro	rhwystrom	rhwystroch	rhwystront	rhwystrer
imperative	—	rhwystra	rhwystred	rhwystrwn	rhwystrwch	rhwystrent	rhwystrer
verbal noun	rhwystro
verbal adjectives	rhwystredig rhwystradwy

Conjugation (colloquial)

Inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	rhwystra i, rhwystraf i	rhwystri di	rhwystrith o/e/hi, rhwystriff e/hi	rhwystrwn ni	rhwystrwch chi	rhwystran nhw
conditional	rhwystrwn i, rhwystrswn i	rhwystret ti, rhwystrset ti	rhwystrai fo/fe/hi, rhwystrsai fo/fe/hi	rhwystren ni, rhwystrsen ni	rhwystrech chi, rhwystrsech chi	rhwystren nhw, rhwystrsen nhw
preterite	rhwystrais i, rhwystres i	rhwystraist ti, rhwystrest ti	rhwystrodd o/e/hi	rhwystron ni	rhwystroch chi	rhwystron nhw
imperative	—	rhwystra	—	—	rhwystrwch	—
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

• rhwystr (“hindrance, obstacle”)
• rhwystredig (“frustrated”)
• rhwystrus (“obstructive”)

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
rhwystro	rwystro	unchanged	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “rhwystro”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies