rjúka
See also: rjuka
Icelandic edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse rjúka, from Proto-Germanic *reukaną. Related to reykur.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
rjúka (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative rauk, third-person plural past indicative ruku, supine rokið)
Conjugation edit
rjúka — active voice (germynd)
| infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að rjúka | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine (sagnbót) |
rokið | ||||
| present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
rjúkandi | ||||
| indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
| present (nútíð) |
ég rýk | við rjúkum | present (nútíð) |
ég rjúki | við rjúkum |
| þú rýkur | þið rjúkið | þú rjúkir | þið rjúkið | ||
| hann, hún, það rýkur | þeir, þær, þau rjúka | hann, hún, það rjúki | þeir, þær, þau rjúki | ||
| past (þátíð) |
ég rauk | við rukum | past (þátíð) |
ég ryki | við rykjum |
| þú raukst | þið rukuð | þú rykir | þið rykjuð | ||
| hann, hún, það rauk | þeir, þær, þau ruku | hann, hún, það ryki | þeir, þær, þau rykju | ||
| imperative (boðháttur) |
rjúk (þú) | rjúkið (þið) | |||
| Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
| rjúktu | rjúkiði * | ||||
| * Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. | |||||
rokinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
| strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
| nominative (nefnifall) |
rokinn | rokin | rokið | roknir | roknar | rokin | |
| accusative (þolfall) |
rokinn | rokna | rokið | rokna | roknar | rokin | |
| dative (þágufall) |
roknum | rokinni | roknu | roknum | roknum | roknum | |
| genitive (eignarfall) |
rokins | rokinnar | rokins | rokinna | rokinna | rokinna | |
| weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
| masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
| nominative (nefnifall) |
rokni | rokna | rokna | roknu | roknu | roknu | |
| accusative (þolfall) |
rokna | roknu | rokna | roknu | roknu | roknu | |
| dative (þágufall) |
rokna | roknu | rokna | roknu | roknu | roknu | |
| genitive (eignarfall) |
rokna | roknu | rokna | roknu | roknu | roknu | |
References edit
- Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon — Íslensk orðsifjabók, (1989). Reykjavík, Orðabók Háskólans. (Available on Málið.is under the “Eldra mál” tab.)
Old Norse edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *reukaną.
Verb edit
rjúka (singular past indicative rauk, plural past indicative ruku, past participle rokinn)
- to reek, emit smoke or vapor
- (impersonal) rýkr af einhverjum
- reek rises from someone
- (impersonal)
- to be driven, drifted like smoke
- (figuratively) to fly
- sverðit rauk ór hendi hánum
- the sword flew out of his hand
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of rjúka — active (strong class 2)
| infinitive | rjúka | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | rjúkandi | |
| past participle | rokinn | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | rýk | rauk |
| 2nd-person singular | rýkr | raukt |
| 3rd-person singular | rýkr | rauk |
| 1st-person plural | rjúkum | rukum |
| 2nd-person plural | rjúkið | rukuð |
| 3rd-person plural | rjúka | ruku |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | rjúka | ryka |
| 2nd-person singular | rjúkir | rykir |
| 3rd-person singular | rjúki | ryki |
| 1st-person plural | rjúkim | rykim |
| 2nd-person plural | rjúkið | rykið |
| 3rd-person plural | rjúki | ryki |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | rjúk | |
| 1st-person plural | rjúkum | |
| 2nd-person plural | rjúkið | |
Conjugation of rjúka — mediopassive (strong class 2)
| infinitive | rjúkask | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | rjúkandisk | |
| past participle | rokizk | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | rjúkumk | rukumk |
| 2nd-person singular | rýksk | raukzk |
| 3rd-person singular | rýksk | rauksk |
| 1st-person plural | rjúkumsk | rukumsk |
| 2nd-person plural | rjúkizk | rukuzk |
| 3rd-person plural | rjúkask | rukusk |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | rjúkumk | rykumk |
| 2nd-person singular | rjúkisk | rykisk |
| 3rd-person singular | rjúkisk | rykisk |
| 1st-person plural | rjúkimsk | rykimsk |
| 2nd-person plural | rjúkizk | rykizk |
| 3rd-person plural | rjúkisk | rykisk |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | rjúksk | |
| 1st-person plural | rjúkumsk | |
| 2nd-person plural | rjúkizk | |
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- “rjúka”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press