Tone unknown
|
Infinitive
|
ukushukuma
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukushukuma
|
ukungashukumi
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
shukuma
|
-shukume
|
Plural
|
shukumani
|
-shukumeni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyashukuma, ngishukuma
|
engishukumayo, engishukuma
|
ngishukuma
|
angishukumi
|
engingashukumi
|
ngingashukumi
|
2nd singular
|
uyashukuma, ushukuma
|
oshukumayo, oshukuma
|
ushukuma
|
awushukumi
|
ongashukumi
|
ungashukumi
|
1st plural
|
siyashukuma, sishukuma
|
esishukumayo, esishukuma
|
sishukuma
|
asishukumi
|
esingashukumi
|
singashukumi
|
2nd plural
|
niyashukuma, nishukuma
|
enishukumayo, enishukuma
|
nishukuma
|
anishukumi
|
eningashukumi
|
ningashukumi
|
Class 1
|
uyashukuma, ushukuma
|
oshukumayo, oshukuma
|
eshukuma
|
akashukumi
|
ongashukumi
|
engashukumi
|
Class 2
|
bayashukuma, bashukuma
|
abashukumayo, abashukuma
|
beshukuma
|
abashukumi
|
abangashukumi
|
bengashukumi
|
Class 3
|
uyashukuma, ushukuma
|
oshukumayo, oshukuma
|
ushukuma
|
awushukumi
|
ongashukumi
|
ungashukumi
|
Class 4
|
iyashukuma, ishukuma
|
eshukumayo, eshukuma
|
ishukuma
|
ayishukumi
|
engashukumi
|
ingashukumi
|
Class 5
|
liyashukuma, lishukuma
|
elishukumayo, elishukuma
|
lishukuma
|
alishukumi
|
elingashukumi
|
lingashukumi
|
Class 6
|
ayashukuma, ashukuma
|
ashukumayo, ashukuma
|
eshukuma
|
awashukumi
|
angashukumi
|
engashukumi
|
Class 7
|
siyashukuma, sishukuma
|
esishukumayo, esishukuma
|
sishukuma
|
asishukumi
|
esingashukumi
|
singashukumi
|
Class 8
|
ziyashukuma, zishukuma
|
ezishukumayo, ezishukuma
|
zishukuma
|
azishukumi
|
ezingashukumi
|
zingashukumi
|
Class 9
|
iyashukuma, ishukuma
|
eshukumayo, eshukuma
|
ishukuma
|
ayishukumi
|
engashukumi
|
ingashukumi
|
Class 10
|
ziyashukuma, zishukuma
|
ezishukumayo, ezishukuma
|
zishukuma
|
azishukumi
|
ezingashukumi
|
zingashukumi
|
Class 11
|
luyashukuma, lushukuma
|
olushukumayo, olushukuma
|
lushukuma
|
alushukumi
|
olungashukumi
|
lungashukumi
|
Class 14
|
buyashukuma, bushukuma
|
obushukumayo, obushukuma
|
bushukuma
|
abushukumi
|
obungashukumi
|
bungashukumi
|
Class 15
|
kuyashukuma, kushukuma
|
okushukumayo, okushukuma
|
kushukuma
|
akushukumi
|
okungashukumi
|
kungashukumi
|
Class 17
|
kuyashukuma, kushukuma
|
okushukumayo, okushukuma
|
kushukuma
|
akushukumi
|
okungashukumi
|
kungashukumi
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngishukumile, ngishukumē
|
engishukumile, engishukumē
|
ngishukumile, ngishukumē
|
angishukumanga
|
engingashukumanga
|
ngingashukumanga
|
2nd singular
|
ushukumile, ushukumē
|
oshukumile, oshukumē
|
ushukumile, ushukumē
|
awushukumanga
|
ongashukumanga
|
ungashukumanga
|
1st plural
|
sishukumile, sishukumē
|
esishukumile, esishukumē
|
sishukumile, sishukumē
|
asishukumanga
|
esingashukumanga
|
singashukumanga
|
2nd plural
|
nishukumile, nishukumē
|
enishukumile, enishukumē
|
nishukumile, nishukumē
|
anishukumanga
|
eningashukumanga
|
ningashukumanga
|
Class 1
|
ushukumile, ushukumē
|
oshukumile, oshukumē
|
eshukumile, eshukumē
|
akashukumanga
|
ongashukumanga
|
engashukumanga
|
Class 2
|
bashukumile, bashukumē
|
abashukumile, abashukumē
|
beshukumile, beshukumē
|
abashukumanga
|
abangashukumanga
|
bengashukumanga
|
Class 3
|
ushukumile, ushukumē
|
oshukumile, oshukumē
|
ushukumile, ushukumē
|
awushukumanga
|
ongashukumanga
|
ungashukumanga
|
Class 4
|
ishukumile, ishukumē
|
eshukumile, eshukumē
|
ishukumile, ishukumē
|
ayishukumanga
|
engashukumanga
|
ingashukumanga
|
Class 5
|
lishukumile, lishukumē
|
elishukumile, elishukumē
|
lishukumile, lishukumē
|
alishukumanga
|
elingashukumanga
|
lingashukumanga
|
Class 6
|
ashukumile, ashukumē
|
ashukumile, ashukumē
|
eshukumile, eshukumē
|
awashukumanga
|
angashukumanga
|
engashukumanga
|
Class 7
|
sishukumile, sishukumē
|
esishukumile, esishukumē
|
sishukumile, sishukumē
|
asishukumanga
|
esingashukumanga
|
singashukumanga
|
Class 8
|
zishukumile, zishukumē
|
ezishukumile, ezishukumē
|
zishukumile, zishukumē
|
azishukumanga
|
ezingashukumanga
|
zingashukumanga
|
Class 9
|
ishukumile, ishukumē
|
eshukumile, eshukumē
|
ishukumile, ishukumē
|
ayishukumanga
|
engashukumanga
|
ingashukumanga
|
Class 10
|
zishukumile, zishukumē
|
ezishukumile, ezishukumē
|
zishukumile, zishukumē
|
azishukumanga
|
ezingashukumanga
|
zingashukumanga
|
Class 11
|
lushukumile, lushukumē
|
olushukumile, olushukumē
|
lushukumile, lushukumē
|
alushukumanga
|
olungashukumanga
|
lungashukumanga
|
Class 14
|
bushukumile, bushukumē
|
obushukumile, obushukumē
|
bushukumile, bushukumē
|
abushukumanga
|
obungashukumanga
|
bungashukumanga
|
Class 15
|
kushukumile, kushukumē
|
okushukumile, okushukumē
|
kushukumile, kushukumē
|
akushukumanga
|
okungashukumanga
|
kungashukumanga
|
Class 17
|
kushukumile, kushukumē
|
okushukumile, okushukumē
|
kushukumile, kushukumē
|
akushukumanga
|
okungashukumanga
|
kungashukumanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāshukuma
|
engāshukuma
|
ngāshukuma
|
angishukumanga
|
engingashukumanga
|
ngingashukumanga
|
2nd singular
|
wāshukuma
|
owāshukuma
|
wāshukuma
|
awushukumanga
|
ongashukumanga
|
ungashukumanga
|
1st plural
|
sāshukuma
|
esāshukuma
|
sāshukuma
|
asishukumanga
|
esingashukumanga
|
singashukumanga
|
2nd plural
|
nāshukuma
|
enāshukuma
|
nāshukuma
|
anishukumanga
|
eningashukumanga
|
ningashukumanga
|
Class 1
|
wāshukuma
|
owāshukuma
|
āshukuma
|
akashukumanga
|
ongashukumanga
|
engashukumanga
|
Class 2
|
bāshukuma
|
abāshukuma
|
bāshukuma
|
abashukumanga
|
abangashukumanga
|
bengashukumanga
|
Class 3
|
wāshukuma
|
owāshukuma
|
wāshukuma
|
awushukumanga
|
ongashukumanga
|
ungashukumanga
|
Class 4
|
yāshukuma
|
eyāshukuma
|
yāshukuma
|
ayishukumanga
|
engashukumanga
|
ingashukumanga
|
Class 5
|
lāshukuma
|
elāshukuma
|
lāshukuma
|
alishukumanga
|
elingashukumanga
|
lingashukumanga
|
Class 6
|
āshukuma
|
āshukuma
|
āshukuma
|
awashukumanga
|
angashukumanga
|
engashukumanga
|
Class 7
|
sāshukuma
|
esāshukuma
|
sāshukuma
|
asishukumanga
|
esingashukumanga
|
singashukumanga
|
Class 8
|
zāshukuma
|
ezāshukuma
|
zāshukuma
|
azishukumanga
|
ezingashukumanga
|
zingashukumanga
|
Class 9
|
yāshukuma
|
eyāshukuma
|
yāshukuma
|
ayishukumanga
|
engashukumanga
|
ingashukumanga
|
Class 10
|
zāshukuma
|
ezāshukuma
|
zāshukuma
|
azishukumanga
|
ezingashukumanga
|
zingashukumanga
|
Class 11
|
lwāshukuma
|
olwāshukuma
|
lwāshukuma
|
alushukumanga
|
olungashukumanga
|
lungashukumanga
|
Class 14
|
bāshukuma
|
obāshukuma
|
bāshukuma
|
abushukumanga
|
obungashukumanga
|
bungashukumanga
|
Class 15
|
kwāshukuma
|
okwāshukuma
|
kwāshukuma
|
akushukumanga
|
okungashukumanga
|
kungashukumanga
|
Class 17
|
kwāshukuma
|
okwāshukuma
|
kwāshukuma
|
akushukumanga
|
okungashukumanga
|
kungashukumanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingashukuma
|
—
|
ngingashukuma
|
ngingeshukume
|
—
|
ngingeshukume
|
2nd singular
|
ungashukuma
|
—
|
ungashukuma
|
ungeshukume
|
—
|
ungeshukume
|
1st plural
|
singashukuma
|
—
|
singashukuma
|
singeshukume
|
—
|
singeshukume
|
2nd plural
|
ningashukuma
|
—
|
ningashukuma
|
ningeshukume
|
—
|
ningeshukume
|
Class 1
|
angashukuma
|
—
|
engashukuma
|
angeshukume
|
—
|
engeshukume
|
Class 2
|
bangashukuma
|
—
|
bengashukuma
|
bangeshukume
|
—
|
bengeshukume
|
Class 3
|
ungashukuma
|
—
|
ungashukuma
|
ungeshukume
|
—
|
ungeshukume
|
Class 4
|
ingashukuma
|
—
|
ingashukuma
|
ingeshukume
|
—
|
ingeshukume
|
Class 5
|
lingashukuma
|
—
|
lingashukuma
|
lingeshukume
|
—
|
lingeshukume
|
Class 6
|
angashukuma
|
—
|
engashukuma
|
angeshukume
|
—
|
engeshukume
|
Class 7
|
singashukuma
|
—
|
singashukuma
|
singeshukume
|
—
|
singeshukume
|
Class 8
|
zingashukuma
|
—
|
zingashukuma
|
zingeshukume
|
—
|
zingeshukume
|
Class 9
|
ingashukuma
|
—
|
ingashukuma
|
ingeshukume
|
—
|
ingeshukume
|
Class 10
|
zingashukuma
|
—
|
zingashukuma
|
zingeshukume
|
—
|
zingeshukume
|
Class 11
|
lungashukuma
|
—
|
lungashukuma
|
lungeshukume
|
—
|
lungeshukume
|
Class 14
|
bungashukuma
|
—
|
bungashukuma
|
bungeshukume
|
—
|
bungeshukume
|
Class 15
|
kungashukuma
|
—
|
kungashukuma
|
kungeshukume
|
—
|
kungeshukume
|
Class 17
|
kungashukuma
|
—
|
kungashukuma
|
kungeshukume
|
—
|
kungeshukume
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizoshukuma
|
engizoshukuma
|
ngizoshukuma
|
angizushukuma
|
engingezushukuma
|
ngingezushukuma
|
2nd singular
|
uzoshukuma
|
ozoshukuma
|
uzoshukuma
|
awuzushukuma
|
ongezushukuma
|
ungezushukuma
|
1st plural
|
sizoshukuma
|
esizoshukuma
|
sizoshukuma
|
asizushukuma
|
esingezushukuma
|
singezushukuma
|
2nd plural
|
nizoshukuma
|
enizoshukuma
|
nizoshukuma
|
anizushukuma
|
eningezushukuma
|
ningezushukuma
|
Class 1
|
uzoshukuma
|
ozoshukuma
|
ezoshukuma
|
akazushukuma
|
ongezushukuma
|
engezushukuma
|
Class 2
|
bazoshukuma
|
abazoshukuma
|
bezoshukuma
|
abazushukuma
|
abangezushukuma
|
bengezushukuma
|
Class 3
|
uzoshukuma
|
ozoshukuma
|
uzoshukuma
|
awuzushukuma
|
ongezushukuma
|
ungezushukuma
|
Class 4
|
izoshukuma
|
ezoshukuma
|
izoshukuma
|
ayizushukuma
|
engezushukuma
|
ingezushukuma
|
Class 5
|
lizoshukuma
|
elizoshukuma
|
lizoshukuma
|
alizushukuma
|
elingezushukuma
|
lingezushukuma
|
Class 6
|
azoshukuma
|
azoshukuma
|
ezoshukuma
|
awazushukuma
|
angezushukuma
|
engezushukuma
|
Class 7
|
sizoshukuma
|
esizoshukuma
|
sizoshukuma
|
asizushukuma
|
esingezushukuma
|
singezushukuma
|
Class 8
|
zizoshukuma
|
ezizoshukuma
|
zizoshukuma
|
azizushukuma
|
ezingezushukuma
|
zingezushukuma
|
Class 9
|
izoshukuma
|
ezoshukuma
|
izoshukuma
|
ayizushukuma
|
engezushukuma
|
ingezushukuma
|
Class 10
|
zizoshukuma
|
ezizoshukuma
|
zizoshukuma
|
azizushukuma
|
ezingezushukuma
|
zingezushukuma
|
Class 11
|
luzoshukuma
|
oluzoshukuma
|
luzoshukuma
|
aluzushukuma
|
olungezushukuma
|
lungezushukuma
|
Class 14
|
buzoshukuma
|
obuzoshukuma
|
buzoshukuma
|
abuzushukuma
|
obungezushukuma
|
bungezushukuma
|
Class 15
|
kuzoshukuma
|
okuzoshukuma
|
kuzoshukuma
|
akuzushukuma
|
okungezushukuma
|
kungezushukuma
|
Class 17
|
kuzoshukuma
|
okuzoshukuma
|
kuzoshukuma
|
akuzushukuma
|
okungezushukuma
|
kungezushukuma
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyoshukuma
|
engiyoshukuma
|
ngiyoshukuma
|
angiyushukuma
|
engingeyushukuma
|
ngingeyushukuma
|
2nd singular
|
uyoshukuma
|
oyoshukuma
|
uyoshukuma
|
awuyushukuma
|
ongeyushukuma
|
ungeyushukuma
|
1st plural
|
siyoshukuma
|
esiyoshukuma
|
siyoshukuma
|
asiyushukuma
|
esingeyushukuma
|
singeyushukuma
|
2nd plural
|
niyoshukuma
|
eniyoshukuma
|
niyoshukuma
|
aniyushukuma
|
eningeyushukuma
|
ningeyushukuma
|
Class 1
|
uyoshukuma
|
oyoshukuma
|
eyoshukuma
|
akayushukuma
|
ongeyushukuma
|
engeyushukuma
|
Class 2
|
bayoshukuma
|
abayoshukuma
|
beyoshukuma
|
abayushukuma
|
abangeyushukuma
|
bengeyushukuma
|
Class 3
|
uyoshukuma
|
oyoshukuma
|
uyoshukuma
|
awuyushukuma
|
ongeyushukuma
|
ungeyushukuma
|
Class 4
|
iyoshukuma
|
eyoshukuma
|
iyoshukuma
|
ayiyushukuma
|
engeyushukuma
|
ingeyushukuma
|
Class 5
|
liyoshukuma
|
eliyoshukuma
|
liyoshukuma
|
aliyushukuma
|
elingeyushukuma
|
lingeyushukuma
|
Class 6
|
ayoshukuma
|
ayoshukuma
|
eyoshukuma
|
awayushukuma
|
angeyushukuma
|
engeyushukuma
|
Class 7
|
siyoshukuma
|
esiyoshukuma
|
siyoshukuma
|
asiyushukuma
|
esingeyushukuma
|
singeyushukuma
|
Class 8
|
ziyoshukuma
|
eziyoshukuma
|
ziyoshukuma
|
aziyushukuma
|
ezingeyushukuma
|
zingeyushukuma
|
Class 9
|
iyoshukuma
|
eyoshukuma
|
iyoshukuma
|
ayiyushukuma
|
engeyushukuma
|
ingeyushukuma
|
Class 10
|
ziyoshukuma
|
eziyoshukuma
|
ziyoshukuma
|
aziyushukuma
|
ezingeyushukuma
|
zingeyushukuma
|
Class 11
|
luyoshukuma
|
oluyoshukuma
|
luyoshukuma
|
aluyushukuma
|
olungeyushukuma
|
lungeyushukuma
|
Class 14
|
buyoshukuma
|
obuyoshukuma
|
buyoshukuma
|
abuyushukuma
|
obungeyushukuma
|
bungeyushukuma
|
Class 15
|
kuyoshukuma
|
okuyoshukuma
|
kuyoshukuma
|
akuyushukuma
|
okungeyushukuma
|
kungeyushukuma
|
Class 17
|
kuyoshukuma
|
okuyoshukuma
|
kuyoshukuma
|
akuyushukuma
|
okungeyushukuma
|
kungeyushukuma
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngishukume
|
ngingashukumi
|
2nd singular
|
ushukume
|
ungashukumi
|
1st plural
|
sishukume
|
singashukumi
|
2nd plural
|
nishukume
|
ningashukumi
|
Class 1
|
ashukume
|
angashukumi
|
Class 2
|
bashukume
|
bangashukumi
|
Class 3
|
ushukume
|
ungashukumi
|
Class 4
|
ishukume
|
ingashukumi
|
Class 5
|
lishukume
|
lingashukumi
|
Class 6
|
ashukume
|
angashukumi
|
Class 7
|
sishukume
|
singashukumi
|
Class 8
|
zishukume
|
zingashukumi
|
Class 9
|
ishukume
|
ingashukumi
|
Class 10
|
zishukume
|
zingashukumi
|
Class 11
|
lushukume
|
lungashukumi
|
Class 14
|
bushukume
|
bungashukumi
|
Class 15
|
kushukume
|
kungashukumi
|
Class 17
|
kushukume
|
kungashukumi
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngashukuma
|
ngangashukuma, angashukuma, angangashukuma
|
2nd singular
|
washukuma
|
wangashukuma, awashukuma, awangashukuma
|
1st plural
|
sashukuma
|
sangashukuma, asashukuma, asangashukuma
|
2nd plural
|
nashukuma
|
nangashukuma, anashukuma, anangashukuma
|
Class 1
|
washukuma
|
wangashukuma, akashukuma, akangashukuma
|
Class 2
|
bashukuma
|
bangashukuma, abashukuma, abangashukuma
|
Class 3
|
washukuma
|
wangashukuma, awashukuma, awangashukuma
|
Class 4
|
yashukuma
|
yangashukuma, ayashukuma, ayangashukuma
|
Class 5
|
lashukuma
|
langashukuma, alashukuma, alangashukuma
|
Class 6
|
ashukuma
|
angashukuma, awashukuma, awangashukuma
|
Class 7
|
sashukuma
|
sangashukuma, asashukuma, asangashukuma
|
Class 8
|
zashukuma
|
zangashukuma, azashukuma, azangashukuma
|
Class 9
|
yashukuma
|
yangashukuma, ayashukuma, ayangashukuma
|
Class 10
|
zashukuma
|
zangashukuma, azashukuma, azangashukuma
|
Class 11
|
lwashukuma
|
lwangashukuma, alwashukuma, alwangashukuma
|
Class 14
|
bashukuma
|
bangashukuma, abashukuma, abangashukuma
|
Class 15
|
kwashukuma
|
kwangashukuma, akwashukuma, akwangashukuma
|
Class 17
|
kwashukuma
|
kwangashukuma, akwashukuma, akwangashukuma
|